######################################################################## ## ## Copyright (C) 1996-2021 The Octave Project Developers ## ## See the file COPYRIGHT.md in the top-level directory of this ## distribution or . ## ## This file is part of Octave. ## ## Octave is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify it ## under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by ## the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or ## (at your option) any later version. ## ## Octave is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but ## WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of ## MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the ## GNU General Public License for more details. ## ## You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License ## along with Octave; see the file COPYING. If not, see ## . ## ######################################################################## ## -*- texinfo -*- ## @deftypefn {} {} std (@var{x}) ## @deftypefnx {} {} std (@var{x}, @var{w}) ## @deftypefnx {} {} std (@var{x}, @var{w}, @var{dim}) ## @deftypefnx {} {} std (@var{x}, @var{w}, @qcode{"ALL"}) ## Compute the standard deviation of the elements of the vector @var{x}. ## ## The standard deviation is defined as ## @tex ## $$ ## {\rm std} (x) = \sigma = \sqrt{{\sum_{i=1}^N (x_i - \bar{x})^2 \over N - 1}} ## $$ ## where $\bar{x}$ is the mean value of @var{x} and $N$ is the number of elements of @var{x}. ## @end tex ## @ifnottex ## ## @example ## @group ## std (@var{x}) = sqrt ( 1/(N-1) SUM_i (@var{x}(i) - mean(@var{x}))^2 ) ## @end group ## @end example ## ## @noindent ## where @math{N} is the number of elements of the @var{x} vector. ## @end ifnottex ## ## If @var{x} is a matrix, compute the standard deviation for each column and ## return them in a row vector. ## ## The argument @var{w} determines the weighting scheme to use. ## Valid values are ## ## @table @asis ## @item 0: ## normalize with @math{N-1}, provides the square root of the best unbiased ## estimator of the variance [default] ## ## @item 1: ## normalize with @math{N}, this provides the square root of the second ## moment around the mean ## ## @item a vector: ## compute the weighted standard deviation with nonnegative scalar weights, ## the length of @var{w} must be equal to the size of @var{x} along dimension ## @var{dim} ## @end table ## ## The optional variable @var{dim} can be used to force @code{std} to operate ## over the specified dimension. @var{dim} can either be a scalar dimension or ## a vector of non-repeating dimensions over which to operate. Dimensions are ## positive integers. When @var{dim} is a vector, @var{w} must be either 0 or ## 1, and the standard deviation is calculated over the array slice defined by ## @var{dim}. ## ## Specifying dimension @qcode{"ALL"} will force @code{std} to operate ## on all elements of @var{x}, when @var{w} is either 0 or 1, and is equivalent ## to @code{std (@var{x}(:))}. ## @seealso{var, bounds, mad, range, iqr, mean, median} ## @end deftypefn function retval = std (varargin) retval = sqrt (var (varargin{:})); endfunction %!test %! x = ones (10, 2); %! y = [1, 3]; %! assert (std (x), [0, 0]); %! assert (std (y), sqrt (2), sqrt (eps)); %! assert (std (x, 0, 2), zeros (10, 1)); %!assert (std (ones (3, 1, 2), 0, 2), zeros (3, 1, 2)) %!assert (std ([1 2], 0), sqrt (2)/2, 5*eps) %!assert (std ([1 2], 1), 0.5, 5*eps) %!assert (std (1), 0) %!assert (std (single (1)), single (0)) %!assert (std ([1 2 3], [], 3), [0 0 0]) ##Test empty inputs %!assert (std ([]), NaN) %!assert (std ([],[],1), NaN(1,0)) %!assert (std ([],[],2), NaN(0,1)) %!assert (std ([],[],3), []) %!assert (std (ones (0,1)), NaN) %!assert (std (ones (1,0)), NaN) %!assert (std (ones (1,0), [], 1), NaN(1,0)) %!assert (std (ones (1,0), [], 2), NaN) %!assert (std (ones (1,0), [], 3), NaN(1,0)) %!assert (std (ones (0,1)), NaN) %!assert (std (ones (0,1), [], 1), NaN) %!assert (std (ones (0,1), [], 2), NaN(0,1)) %!assert (std (ones (0,1), [], 3), NaN(0,1)) %!assert (std (ones (1,3,0,2)), NaN(1,1,0,2)) %!assert (std (ones (1,3,0,2), [], 1), NaN(1,3,0,2)) %!assert (std (ones (1,3,0,2), [], 2), NaN(1,1,0,2)) %!assert (std (ones (1,3,0,2), [], 3), NaN(1,3,1,2)) %!assert (std (ones (1,3,0,2), [], 4), NaN(1,3,0)) ## Test input validation %!error std () %!error std (['A'; 'B']) %!error std (1, 2) %!error std (1, [], ones (2,2)) %!error std (1, [], 1.5) %!error std (1, [], 0)