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## -*- texinfo -*-
## @deftypefn {} {[@var{x}, @var{y}, @var{z}] =} sph2cart (@var{theta}, @var{phi}, @var{r})
## @deftypefnx {} {[@var{x}, @var{y}, @var{z}] =} sph2cart (@var{S})
## Transform spherical coordinates to Cartesian coordinates.
##
## The inputs @var{theta}, @var{phi}, and @var{r} must be the same shape, or
## scalar. If called with a single matrix argument then each row of @var{S} must
## represents a spherical coordinate triplet (@var{theta}, @var{phi}, @var{r}).
##
## The outputs @var{x}, @var{y}, @var{z} will match the shape of the inputs. For
## a matrix input @var{S} the outputs will be column vectors with rows
## corresponding to the rows of the input matrix.
##
## @var{theta} describes the azimuth angle relative to the positive x-axis
## measured in the xy-plane.
##
## @var{phi} is the elevation angle measured relative to the xy-plane.
##
## @var{r} is the distance to the origin @w{(0, 0, 0)}.
##
## The coordinate transformation is computed using:
##
## @tex
## $$ x = r \cos \phi \cos \theta $$
## $$ y = r \cos \phi \sin \theta $$
## $$ z = r \sin \phi $$
## @end tex
## @ifnottex
##
## @example
## @var{x} = r * cos (@var{phi}) * cos (@var{theta})
## @var{y} = r * cos (@var{phi}) * sin (@var{theta})
## @var{z} = r * sin (@var{phi})
## @end example
##
## @end ifnottex
## Note: To improve Matlab compatibility, this function no longer returns a
## full coordinate matrix when called with a single return argument.
## @seealso{cart2sph, pol2cart, cart2pol}
## @end deftypefn
function [x, y, z] = sph2cart (theta, phi, r)
if (nargin != 1 && nargin != 3)
print_usage ();
endif
if (nargin == 1)
if (! (isnumeric (theta) && ismatrix (theta)))
error ("sph2cart: matrix input must be a 2D numeric array");
endif
if (numel (theta) == 3)
r = theta(3);
phi = theta(2);
theta = theta(1);
elseif (size (theta, 2) == 3)
r = theta(:,3);
phi = theta(:,2);
theta = theta(:,1);
else
error ("sph2cart: matrix input must be a 3 element vector or 3 column array");
endif
else
if (! isnumeric (theta) || ! isnumeric (phi) || ! isnumeric (r))
error ("sph2cart: THETA, PHI, R must be numeric arrays or scalars");
endif
[err, theta, phi, r] = common_size (theta, phi, r);
if (err)
error ("sph2cart: THETA, PHI, R must be the same size or scalars");
endif
endif
x = r .* cos (phi) .* cos (theta);
y = r .* cos (phi) .* sin (theta);
z = r .* sin (phi);
endfunction
%!test
%! t = [0, 0, 0];
%! p = [0, 0, 0];
%! r = [0, 1, 2];
%! [x, y, z] = sph2cart (t, p, r);
%! assert (x, r);
%! assert (y, [0, 0, 0]);
%! assert (z, [0, 0, 0]);
%!test
%! t = [0; 0; 0];
%! p = [0; 0; 0];
%! r = [0; 1; 2];
%! [x, y, z] = sph2cart (t, p, r);
%! assert (x, [0; 1; 2]);
%! assert (y, [0; 0; 0]);
%! assert (z, [0; 0; 0]);
%!test
%! t = 0;
%! p = [0, 0, 0];
%! r = [0, 1, 2];
%! [x, y, z] = sph2cart (t, p, r);
%! assert (x, [0, 1, 2]);
%! assert (y, [0, 0, 0]);
%! assert (z, [0, 0, 0]);
%!test
%! t = [0, 0, 0];
%! p = 0;
%! r = [0, 1, 2];
%! [x, y, z] = sph2cart (t, p, r);
%! assert (x, r);
%! assert (y, [0, 0, 0]);
%! assert (z, [0, 0, 0]);
%!test
%! t = [0, 0.5, 1]*pi;
%! p = [0, 0, 0];
%! r = 1;
%! [x, y, z] = sph2cart (t, p, r);
%! assert (x, [1, 0, -1], eps);
%! assert (y, [0, 1, 0], eps);
%! assert (z, [0, 0, 0], eps);
%!test
%! [x, y, z] = sph2cart ([0 0 0], 0, 1);
%! assert (x, [1, 1, 1], eps);
%! assert (y, [0, 0, 0], eps);
%! assert (z, [0, 0, 0], eps);
%!test
%! S = [ 0, 0, 1; 0.5*pi, 0, 1; pi, 0, 1];
%! [x, y, z] = sph2cart (S);
%! assert (x, [1; 0; -1], eps);
%! assert (y, [0; 1; 0], eps);
%! assert (z, [0; 0; 0], eps);
%!test
%! S = [ 0, 0, 1; 0.5*pi, 0, 1; pi, 0, 1; pi, pi, 1];
%! [x, y, z] = sph2cart (S);
%! assert (x, [1; 0; -1; 1], eps);
%! assert (y, [0; 1; 0; 0], eps);
%! assert (z, [0; 0; 0; 0], eps);
%!test
%! [t, p, r] = meshgrid ([0, pi/2], [0, pi/2], [0, 1]);
%! [x, y, z] = sph2cart (t, p, r);
%! X = zeros(2, 2, 2);
%! X(1, 1, 2) = 1;
%! Y = zeros(2, 2, 2);
%! Y(1, 2, 2) = 1;
%! Z = zeros(2, 2, 2);
%! Z(2, :, 2) = [1 1];
%! assert (x, X, eps);
%! assert (y, Y, eps);
%! assert (z, Z);
## Test input validation
%!error sph2cart ()
%!error sph2cart (1,2)
%!error sph2cart (1,2,3,4)
%!error sph2cart ({1,2,3})
%!error sph2cart (ones (3,3,2))
%!error sph2cart ([1,2,3,4])
%!error sph2cart ([1,2,3,4; 1,2,3,4; 1,2,3,4])
%!error sph2cart ({1,2,3}, [1,2,3], [1,2,3])
%!error sph2cart ([1,2,3], {1,2,3}, [1,2,3])
%!error sph2cart ([1,2,3], [1,2,3], {1,2,3})
%!error sph2cart ([1,2,3], [1,2,3], [1,2,3]')
%!error sph2cart (ones (3,3,3), 1, ones (3,2,3))
%!error sph2cart (ones (3,3,3), ones (3,2,3), 1)