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revision 1.28 by pertusus, Tue Aug 9 17:19:27 2005 UTC revision 1.29 by pertusus, Tue Aug 23 23:51:18 2005 UTC
# Line 188  used. Line 188  used.
188  <p>  Lisp allows any variable to have any kind of value, but most variables  <p>  Lisp allows any variable to have any kind of value, but most variables
189  that Emacs uses require a value of a certain type.  Often the value has  that Emacs uses require a value of a certain type.  Often the value has
190  to be a string or a number.  Sometimes we say that a certain feature is  to be a string or a number.  Sometimes we say that a certain feature is
191  turned on if a variable is &quot;non-<code>nil</code>,&quot; meaning that if the  turned on if a variable is &ldquo;non-<code>nil</code>,&rdquo; meaning that if the
192  variable's value is <code>nil</code>, the feature is off, but the feature is  variable's value is <code>nil</code>, the feature is off, but the feature is
193  on for <i>any</i> other value.  The conventional value to turn on the  on for <i>any</i> other value.  The conventional value to turn on the
194  feature--since you have to pick one particular value when you set the  feature&mdash;since you have to pick one particular value when you set the
195  variable--is <code>t</code>.  variable&mdash;is <code>t</code>.
196  </p>  </p>
197  <p>  Emacs uses many Lisp variables for internal recordkeeping, as any Lisp  <p>  Emacs uses many Lisp variables for internal recordkeeping, as any Lisp
198  program must, but the most interesting variables for you are the ones that  program must, but the most interesting variables for you are the ones that
# Line 497  type <kbd>M-<kbd>TAB</kbd></kbd> (<code> Line 497  type <kbd>M-<kbd>TAB</kbd></kbd> (<code>
497  <p>  Some options have a small fixed set of possible legitimate values.  <p>  Some options have a small fixed set of possible legitimate values.
498  These options don't let you edit the value textually.  Instead, an  These options don't let you edit the value textually.  Instead, an
499  active field <samp>`[Value Menu]'</samp> appears before the value; invoke this  active field <samp>`[Value Menu]'</samp> appears before the value; invoke this
500  field to edit the value.  For a boolean &quot;on or off&quot; value, the active  field to edit the value.  For a boolean &ldquo;on or off&rdquo; value, the active
501  field says <samp>`[Toggle]'</samp>, and it changes to the other value.  field says <samp>`[Toggle]'</samp>, and it changes to the other value.
502  <samp>`[Value Menu]'</samp> and <samp>`[Toggle]'</samp> edit the buffer; the changes  <samp>`[Value Menu]'</samp> and <samp>`[Toggle]'</samp> edit the buffer; the changes
503  take effect when you use the <samp>`Set for Current Session'</samp> operation.  take effect when you use the <samp>`Set for Current Session'</samp> operation.
# Line 527  the list, invoke <samp>`[INS]'</samp> at Line 527  the list, invoke <samp>`[INS]'</samp> at
527  </p>  </p>
528  <p>  You can also invoke <samp>`[Current dir?]'</samp> to switch between including  <p>  You can also invoke <samp>`[Current dir?]'</samp> to switch between including
529  a specific named directory in the path, and including <code>nil</code> in the  a specific named directory in the path, and including <code>nil</code> in the
530  path.  (<code>nil</code> in a search path means &quot;try the current  path.  (<code>nil</code> in a search path means &ldquo;try the current
531  directory.&quot;)  directory.&rdquo;)
532  </p>  </p>
533  <a name="IDX1483"></a>  <a name="IDX1483"></a>
534  <a name="IDX1484"></a>  <a name="IDX1484"></a>
# Line 590  containing several active fields: Line 590  containing several active fields:
590  </pre></td></tr></table>  </pre></td></tr></table>
591    
592  <p>Invoking <samp>`[Done]'</samp> buries this customization buffer.  Each of the  <p>Invoking <samp>`[Done]'</samp> buries this customization buffer.  Each of the
593  other fields performs an operation--set, save or reset--on each of the  other fields performs an operation&mdash;set, save or reset&mdash;on each of the
594  items in the buffer that could meaningfully be set, saved or reset.  items in the buffer that could meaningfully be set, saved or reset.
595  </p>  </p>
596  <hr size="6">  <hr size="6">
# Line 706  have customized but not saved. Line 706  have customized but not saved.
706  <p>  If you want to alter a particular user option variable with the  <p>  If you want to alter a particular user option variable with the
707  customization buffer, and you know its name, you can use the command  customization buffer, and you know its name, you can use the command
708  <kbd>M-x customize-option</kbd> and specify the option name.  This sets up  <kbd>M-x customize-option</kbd> and specify the option name.  This sets up
709  the customization buffer with just one option--the one that you asked  the customization buffer with just one option&mdash;the one that you asked
710  for.  Editing, setting and saving the value work as described above, but  for.  Editing, setting and saving the value work as described above, but
711  only for the specified option.  only for the specified option.
712  </p>  </p>
# Line 959  as a comment so the compiler or text for Line 959  as a comment so the compiler or text for
959  If you do not need to disguise the local variables list as a comment in  If you do not need to disguise the local variables list as a comment in
960  this way, there is no need to include a prefix or a suffix.  this way, there is no need to include a prefix or a suffix.
961  </p>  </p>
962  <p>  Two &quot;variable&quot; names are special in a local variables list: a value  <p>  Two &ldquo;variable&rdquo; names are special in a local variables list: a value
963  for the variable <code>mode</code> sets the major mode, and a value for the  for the variable <code>mode</code> sets the major mode, and a value for the
964  variable <code>eval</code> is simply evaluated as an expression and the value  variable <code>eval</code> is simply evaluated as an expression and the value
965  is ignored.  These are not real variables; setting them in any other  is ignored.  These are not real variables; setting them in any other
# Line 1794  string quotes, and so on.  Actually, eac Line 1794  string quotes, and so on.  Actually, eac
1794  table (though sometimes related major modes use the same one) which it  table (though sometimes related major modes use the same one) which it
1795  installs in each buffer that uses that major mode.  The syntax table  installs in each buffer that uses that major mode.  The syntax table
1796  installed in the current buffer is the one that all commands use, so we  installed in the current buffer is the one that all commands use, so we
1797  call it &quot;the&quot; syntax table.  A syntax table is a Lisp object, a vector of  call it &ldquo;the&rdquo; syntax table.  A syntax table is a Lisp object, a vector of
1798  length 256 whose elements are numbers.  length 256 whose elements are numbers.
1799  </p>  </p>
1800  <table class="menu" border="0" cellspacing="0">  <table class="menu" border="0" cellspacing="0">
# Line 3358  if it is non-<code>nil</code>.  <kbd>C-g Line 3358  if it is non-<code>nil</code>.  <kbd>C-g
3358  command if it is typed while Emacs is waiting for input.  command if it is typed while Emacs is waiting for input.
3359  </p>  </p>
3360  <p>If you quit twice in a row before the first <kbd>C-g</kbd> is recognized, you  <p>If you quit twice in a row before the first <kbd>C-g</kbd> is recognized, you
3361  activate the &quot;emergency escape&quot; feature and return to the shell.  activate the &ldquo;emergency escape&rdquo; feature and return to the shell.
3362  See section <a href="#SEC398">Emergency Escape</a>.  See section <a href="#SEC398">Emergency Escape</a>.
3363  </p>  </p>
3364  <a name="IDX1553"></a>  <a name="IDX1553"></a>
# Line 3376  numeric argument, you can cancel that ar Line 3376  numeric argument, you can cancel that ar
3376  the debugger.  the debugger.
3377  </p>  </p>
3378  <a name="IDX1558"></a>  <a name="IDX1558"></a>
3379  <p>  The command <kbd>M-x top-level</kbd> is equivalent to &quot;enough&quot; <kbd>C-]</kbd>  <p>  The command <kbd>M-x top-level</kbd> is equivalent to &ldquo;enough&rdquo; <kbd>C-]</kbd>
3380  commands to get you out of all the levels of recursive edits that you are  commands to get you out of all the levels of recursive edits that you are
3381  in.  <kbd>C-]</kbd> only gets you out one level at a time, but <kbd>M-x top-level</kbd>  in.  <kbd>C-]</kbd> only gets you out one level at a time, but <kbd>M-x top-level</kbd>
3382  goes out all levels at once.  Both <kbd>C-]</kbd> and <kbd>M-x top-level</kbd> are  goes out all levels at once.  Both <kbd>C-]</kbd> and <kbd>M-x top-level</kbd> are
# Line 3422  and how to recognize them and correct th Line 3422  and how to recognize them and correct th
3422  </td></tr>  </td></tr>
3423  <tr><td align="left" valign="top"><a href="#SEC397">27.12.4 Spontaneous Entry to Incremental Search</a></td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top"> Spontaneous entry to incremental search.  <tr><td align="left" valign="top"><a href="#SEC397">27.12.4 Spontaneous Entry to Incremental Search</a></td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top"> Spontaneous entry to incremental search.
3424  </td></tr>  </td></tr>
3425  <tr><td align="left" valign="top"><a href="#SEC398">27.12.5 Emergency Escape</a></td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">   Emergency escape--  <tr><td align="left" valign="top"><a href="#SEC398">27.12.5 Emergency Escape</a></td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">   Emergency escape&mdash;
3426                          What to do if Emacs stops responding.                          What to do if Emacs stops responding.
3427  </td></tr>  </td></tr>
3428  <tr><td align="left" valign="top"><a href="#SEC399">27.12.6 Help for Total Frustration</a></td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">  When you are at your wits' end.  <tr><td align="left" valign="top"><a href="#SEC399">27.12.6 Help for Total Frustration</a></td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">  When you are at your wits' end.
# Line 3552  To make it visible again, type <kbd>C-x Line 3552  To make it visible again, type <kbd>C-x
3552    
3553  <p>  If Emacs spontaneously displays <samp>`I-search:'</samp> at the bottom of the  <p>  If Emacs spontaneously displays <samp>`I-search:'</samp> at the bottom of the
3554  screen, it means that the terminal is sending <kbd>C-s</kbd> and <kbd>C-q</kbd>  screen, it means that the terminal is sending <kbd>C-s</kbd> and <kbd>C-q</kbd>
3555  according to the poorly designed xon/xoff &quot;flow control&quot; protocol.  You  according to the poorly designed xon/xoff &ldquo;flow control&rdquo; protocol.  You
3556  should try to prevent this by putting the terminal in a mode where it will  should try to prevent this by putting the terminal in a mode where it will
3557  not use flow control, or by giving it enough padding that it will never send a  not use flow control, or by giving it enough padding that it will never send a
3558  <kbd>C-s</kbd>.  If that cannot be done, you must tell Emacs to expect flow  <kbd>C-s</kbd>.  If that cannot be done, you must tell Emacs to expect flow
# Line 3704  to do so effectively, you must know when Line 3704  to do so effectively, you must know when
3704    
3705  <p>  If Emacs executes an illegal instruction, or dies with an operating  <p>  If Emacs executes an illegal instruction, or dies with an operating
3706  system error message that indicates a problem in the program (as opposed to  system error message that indicates a problem in the program (as opposed to
3707  something like &quot;disk full&quot;), then it is certainly a bug.  something like &ldquo;disk full&rdquo;), then it is certainly a bug.
3708  </p>  </p>
3709  <p>  If Emacs updates the display in a way that does not correspond to what is  <p>  If Emacs updates the display in a way that does not correspond to what is
3710  in the buffer, then it is certainly a bug.  If a command seems to do the  in the buffer, then it is certainly a bug.  If a command seems to do the
# Line 3786  the bug is with a sentence like the prec Line 3786  the bug is with a sentence like the prec
3786  facts and nothing but the facts.  facts and nothing but the facts.
3787  </p>  </p>
3788  <p>  Do not assume that the problem is due to the size of the file and say,  <p>  Do not assume that the problem is due to the size of the file and say,
3789  &quot;When I visit a large file, Emacs prints out <samp>`I feel pretty today'</samp>.&quot;  &ldquo;When I visit a large file, Emacs prints out <samp>`I feel pretty today'</samp>.&rdquo;
3790  This is what we mean by &quot;guessing explanations&quot;.  The problem is just as  This is what we mean by &ldquo;guessing explanations&rdquo;.  The problem is just as
3791  likely to be due to the fact that there is a <samp>`z'</samp> in the file name.  If  likely to be due to the fact that there is a <samp>`z'</samp> in the file name.  If
3792  this is so, then when we got your report, we would try out the problem with  this is so, then when we got your report, we would try out the problem with
3793  some &quot;large file&quot;, probably with no <samp>`z'</samp> in its name, and not find  some &ldquo;large file&rdquo;, probably with no <samp>`z'</samp> in its name, and not find
3794  anything wrong.  There is no way in the world that we could guess that we  anything wrong.  There is no way in the world that we could guess that we
3795  should try visiting a file with a <samp>`z'</samp> in its name.  should try visiting a file with a <samp>`z'</samp> in its name.
3796  </p>  </p>
# Line 3801  bug.  What if the problem only occurs wh Line 3801  bug.  What if the problem only occurs wh
3801  command previously?  This is why we ask you to give the exact sequence of  command previously?  This is why we ask you to give the exact sequence of
3802  characters you typed since starting to use Emacs.  characters you typed since starting to use Emacs.
3803  </p>  </p>
3804  <p>  You should not even say &quot;visit a file&quot; instead of <kbd>C-x C-f</kbd> unless  <p>  You should not even say &ldquo;visit a file&rdquo; instead of <kbd>C-x C-f</kbd> unless
3805  you <i>know</i> that it makes no difference which visiting command is used.  you <i>know</i> that it makes no difference which visiting command is used.
3806  Similarly, rather than saying &quot;if I have three characters on the line,&quot;  Similarly, rather than saying &ldquo;if I have three characters on the line,&rdquo;
3807  say &quot;after I type <kbd><kbd>RET</kbd> A B C <kbd>RET</kbd> C-p</kbd>,&quot; if that is  say &ldquo;after I type <kbd><kbd>RET</kbd> A B C <kbd>RET</kbd> C-p</kbd>,&rdquo; if that is
3808  the way you entered the text.  the way you entered the text.
3809  </p>  </p>
3810  <p>  If you are not in Fundamental mode when the problem occurs, you should  <p>  If you are not in Fundamental mode when the problem occurs, you should

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