67 |
symbols, Japanese scripts (Hiragana, Katakana and Kanji), Korean scripts |
symbols, Japanese scripts (Hiragana, Katakana and Kanji), Korean scripts |
68 |
(Hangul and Hanja) and Cyrillic script (for Byelorussian, Bulgarian, |
(Hangul and Hanja) and Cyrillic script (for Byelorussian, Bulgarian, |
69 |
Russian, Serbian and Ukrainian). These features have been merged from |
Russian, Serbian and Ukrainian). These features have been merged from |
70 |
the modified version of Emacs known as MULE (for "MULti-lingual |
the modified version of Emacs known as MULE (for “MULti-lingual |
71 |
Enhancement to GNU Emacs"). |
Enhancement to GNU Emacs”). |
72 |
</p> |
</p> |
73 |
<table class="menu" border="0" cellspacing="0"> |
<table class="menu" border="0" cellspacing="0"> |
74 |
<tr><td align="left" valign="top"><a href="#SEC182">17.1 What is Mule?</a></td><td> </td><td align="left" valign="top"> Basic concepts of Mule. |
<tr><td align="left" valign="top"><a href="#SEC182">17.1 What is Mule?</a></td><td> </td><td align="left" valign="top"> Basic concepts of Mule. |
167 |
<a name="IDX698"></a> |
<a name="IDX698"></a> |
168 |
<a name="IDX699"></a> |
<a name="IDX699"></a> |
169 |
<p> The command <kbd>C-h h</kbd> (<code>view-hello-file</code>) displays the file |
<p> The command <kbd>C-h h</kbd> (<code>view-hello-file</code>) displays the file |
170 |
<tt>`etc/HELLO'</tt>, which shows how to say "hello" in many languages. |
<tt>`etc/HELLO'</tt>, which shows how to say “hello” in many languages. |
171 |
This illustrates various scripts. |
This illustrates various scripts. |
172 |
</p> |
</p> |
173 |
<p> Keyboards, even in the countries where these character sets are used, |
<p> Keyboards, even in the countries where these character sets are used, |
312 |
<p> One way is to type the accent twice; that is a special feature for |
<p> One way is to type the accent twice; that is a special feature for |
313 |
entering the separate letter and accent. For example, <kbd>e ' '</kbd> gives |
entering the separate letter and accent. For example, <kbd>e ' '</kbd> gives |
314 |
you the two characters <samp>`e''</samp>. Another way is to type another letter |
you the two characters <samp>`e''</samp>. Another way is to type another letter |
315 |
after the <kbd>e</kbd>--something that won't combine with that--and |
after the <kbd>e</kbd>—something that won't combine with that—and |
316 |
immediately delete it. For example, you could type <kbd>e e <kbd>DEL</kbd> |
immediately delete it. For example, you could type <kbd>e e <kbd>DEL</kbd> |
317 |
'</kbd> to get separate <samp>`e'</samp> and <samp>`''</samp>. |
'</kbd> to get separate <samp>`e'</samp> and <samp>`''</samp>. |
318 |
</p> |
</p> |
567 |
system, including the letter that stands for it in the mode line |
system, including the letter that stands for it in the mode line |
568 |
(see section <a href="xemacs_4.html#SEC10">The Mode Line</a>). |
(see section <a href="xemacs_4.html#SEC10">The Mode Line</a>). |
569 |
</p> |
</p> |
570 |
<p> Each of the coding systems that appear in this list--except for |
<p> Each of the coding systems that appear in this list—except for |
571 |
<code>binary</code>, which means no conversion of any kind--specifies how and |
<code>binary</code>, which means no conversion of any kind—specifies how and |
572 |
whether to convert printing characters, but leaves the choice of |
whether to convert printing characters, but leaves the choice of |
573 |
end-of-line conversion to be decided based on the contents of each file. |
end-of-line conversion to be decided based on the contents of each file. |
574 |
For example, if the file appears to use carriage-return linefeed between |
For example, if the file appears to use carriage-return linefeed between |
604 |
<code>iso-8859-1-mac</code>. |
<code>iso-8859-1-mac</code>. |
605 |
</p> |
</p> |
606 |
<p> In contrast, the coding system <code>binary</code> specifies no character |
<p> In contrast, the coding system <code>binary</code> specifies no character |
607 |
code conversion at all--none for non-Latin-1 byte values and none for |
code conversion at all—none for non-Latin-1 byte values and none for |
608 |
end of line. This is useful for reading or writing binary files, tar |
end of line. This is useful for reading or writing binary files, tar |
609 |
files, and other files that must be examined verbatim. |
files, and other files that must be examined verbatim. |
610 |
</p> |
</p> |
648 |
|
|
649 |
|
|
650 |
<p> Most of the time, XEmacs can recognize which coding system to use for |
<p> Most of the time, XEmacs can recognize which coding system to use for |
651 |
any given file-once you have specified your preferences. |
any given file–once you have specified your preferences. |
652 |
</p> |
</p> |
653 |
<p> Some coding systems can be recognized or distinguished by which byte |
<p> Some coding systems can be recognized or distinguished by which byte |
654 |
sequences appear in the data. However, there are coding systems that |
sequences appear in the data. However, there are coding systems that |
696 |
<p> You can specify the coding system for a particular file using the |
<p> You can specify the coding system for a particular file using the |
697 |
<samp>`-*-…-*-'</samp> construct at the beginning of a file, or a local |
<samp>`-*-…-*-'</samp> construct at the beginning of a file, or a local |
698 |
variables list at the end (see section <a href="xemacs_30.html#SEC362">Local Variables in Files</a>). You do this by |
variables list at the end (see section <a href="xemacs_30.html#SEC362">Local Variables in Files</a>). You do this by |
699 |
defining a value for the "variable" named <code>coding</code>. XEmacs does |
defining a value for the “variable” named <code>coding</code>. XEmacs does |
700 |
not really have a variable <code>coding</code>; instead of setting a variable, |
not really have a variable <code>coding</code>; instead of setting a variable, |
701 |
it uses the specified coding system for the file. For example, |
it uses the specified coding system for the file. For example, |
702 |
<samp>`-*-mode: C; coding: iso-8859-1;-*-'</samp> specifies use of the |
<samp>`-*-mode: C; coding: iso-8859-1;-*-'</samp> specifies use of the |
765 |
<a name="IDX724"></a> |
<a name="IDX724"></a> |
766 |
<a name="IDX725"></a> |
<a name="IDX725"></a> |
767 |
<p> The command <kbd>C-x RET f</kbd> (<code>set-buffer-file-coding-system</code>) |
<p> The command <kbd>C-x RET f</kbd> (<code>set-buffer-file-coding-system</code>) |
768 |
specifies the file coding system for the current buffer--in other |
specifies the file coding system for the current buffer—in other |
769 |
words, which coding system to use when saving or rereading the visited |
words, which coding system to use when saving or rereading the visited |
770 |
file. You specify which coding system using the minibuffer. Since this |
file. You specify which coding system using the minibuffer. Since this |
771 |
command applies to a file you have already visited, it affects only the |
command applies to a file you have already visited, it affects only the |
812 |
terminal are translated into that coding system. |
terminal are translated into that coding system. |
813 |
</p> |
</p> |
814 |
<p> This feature is useful for certain character-only terminals built to |
<p> This feature is useful for certain character-only terminals built to |
815 |
support specific languages or character sets--for example, European |
support specific languages or character sets—for example, European |
816 |
terminals that support one of the ISO Latin character sets. |
terminals that support one of the ISO Latin character sets. |
817 |
</p> |
</p> |
818 |
<p> By default, output to the terminal is not translated at all. |
<p> By default, output to the terminal is not translated at all. |
822 |
<p> The command <kbd>C-x <kbd>RET</kbd> k</kbd> (<code>set-keyboard-coding-system</code>) |
<p> The command <kbd>C-x <kbd>RET</kbd> k</kbd> (<code>set-keyboard-coding-system</code>) |
823 |
specifies the coding system for keyboard input. Character-code |
specifies the coding system for keyboard input. Character-code |
824 |
translation of keyboard input is useful for terminals with keys that |
translation of keyboard input is useful for terminals with keys that |
825 |
send non-ASCII graphic characters--for example, some terminals designed |
send non-ASCII graphic characters—for example, some terminals designed |
826 |
for ISO Latin-1 or subsets of it. |
for ISO Latin-1 or subsets of it. |
827 |
</p> |
</p> |
828 |
<p> By default, keyboard input is not translated at all. |
<p> By default, keyboard input is not translated at all. |
853 |
to use for encoding file names. If you set the variable to a coding |
to use for encoding file names. If you set the variable to a coding |
854 |
system name (as a Lisp symbol or a string), XEmacs encodes file names |
system name (as a Lisp symbol or a string), XEmacs encodes file names |
855 |
using that coding system for all file operations. This makes it |
using that coding system for all file operations. This makes it |
856 |
possible to use non-Latin-1 characters in file names--or, at least, |
possible to use non-Latin-1 characters in file names—or, at least, |
857 |
those non-Latin-1 characters which the specified coding system can |
those non-Latin-1 characters which the specified coding system can |
858 |
encode. By default, this variable is <code>nil</code>, which implies that you |
encode. By default, this variable is <code>nil</code>, which implies that you |
859 |
cannot use non-Latin-1 characters in file names. |
cannot use non-Latin-1 characters in file names. |