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revision 1.94 by mudyc, Fri Feb 14 09:53:52 2003 UTC revision 1.95 by tjl, Fri Feb 14 12:04:56 2003 UTC
# Line 86  visible and Line 86  visible and
86  upon traversing  upon traversing
87  a link, the view fluidly animates to the target, while the  a link, the view fluidly animates to the target, while the
88  originating document remains visible.  originating document remains visible.
 We use directed but bidirectional links to retain the left-right  
 relationships between nodes.  
89    
90  We have developed new user interface techniques  We have developed new user interface techniques
91  to facilitate this interface, which together:  to facilitate this type of interface, which are especially
92    effective when used in combination.
93    
94  - break lines: the buoy is actually a torn-off piece of the whole other end of the link!  - break lines: the buoy is actually a torn-off piece of the whole other end of the link!
95    
# Line 103  to facilitate this interface, which toge Line 102  to facilitate this interface, which toge
102  fragments of the linked-to documents (called buoys)  fragments of the linked-to documents (called buoys)
103  floating near the anchors in the article..  floating near the anchors in the article..
104    
105    We use directed but bidirectional links to retain the left-right
106    relationships between nodes.
107    
108  The individual nodes use fisheye  The individual nodes use fisheye
109    
110  The user interface techniques have been made possible  The user interface techniques have been made possible
# Line 115  of some recent hypertext and graphics ar Line 117  of some recent hypertext and graphics ar
117  Introduction  Introduction
118  ============  ============
119    
120  In many hypertext systems today, following a link means a disruptive change  In several hypertext systems today, following a link means a disruptive change
121  in the user's workflow, replacing the current context with an  in the user's workflow, replacing the current context with an
122  entirely different one.  entirely different one.
123  The reason for this is that most systems still use the paradigm  The reason for this is that most systems still use the paradigm
# Line 125  A link operation can only create a new w Line 127  A link operation can only create a new w
127  existing window.  existing window.
128  Alternatives, such as replacing part of text (XXX antont's reference),  Alternatives, such as replacing part of text (XXX antont's reference),
129  are not very popular nor intuitive... [XXXref]  are not very popular nor intuitive... [XXXref]
130    Improving user orientation through user interface improvements has
131    recently received much attention.
132    
133  There have been much work on improving user orientation.  One approach is to display information about the destinations of the links.
134  One approach is to embed information about the destination in the links.  Browsers' status lines or tooltips show the URL or the HTML link title of the link
135  Link titles are now a standard HTML feature (at least since version 2.0) and  that the mouse is currently over.
136  fluid links [zellweger98fluid]_ take the concept further by  Fluid links [zellweger98fluid]_ take the concept further by
137  allowing the user to see gradually more and more target context  allowing the user to see gradually more and more target context
138  before following a specific link.  before following a specific link.
139    
140  Hypercept [milgram99hypercept]_ provides a cue of local structure  Hypercept [milgram99hypercept]_ provides a cue of local structure
141  by animating the transition from the current document to a linked  by animating the transition from the current document to a linked
142  document in different ways depending on the structural relationship  document in different ways depending on the structural relationship
# Line 139  exemplified by the link. Line 144  exemplified by the link.
144    
145  .. XXX: behaviour, structural role  .. XXX: behaviour, structural role
146    
147  Another approach is to show the context directly in the view layout.  Another approach is to treat the local hypertext structure as a graph,
148    and visualize it as such.
149  Focus+context views of the web, as proposed by Mukherjea and Hara  Focus+context views of the web, as proposed by Mukherjea and Hara
150  [mukharjea97fcwww]_, provide overview diagrams of the linking strucure  [mukharjea97fcwww]_ and Munzner and Burchard[fc-3dhyperbolic]_,
151    provide overview diagrams of the linking strucure
152  of web pages with important nodes emphasized.  of web pages with important nodes emphasized.
153    
154  The Pad++ browser [fc-zooming]_ records history of the visited pages  The Pad++ browser [fc-zooming]_ records history of the visited pages
155  as a tree with nodes showing complete pages.  as a tree with nodes showing complete pages.
156  The focused page is shown at a larger scale and the user can  The focused page is shown at a larger scale and the user can
# Line 151  fluidly animated. Line 159  fluidly animated.
159    
160  ..  - long pages get scrollbars  ..  - long pages get scrollbars
161    
162  While focus+context views of the linking relationships provide good overview,  Nelson's transpointing windows [XXXref 1979]
 the interconnections of documents are deeper.  
 Nelson's as of yet unimplemented transpointing windows [XXXref 1979]  
163  show connections crosscutting the view hierarchy  show connections crosscutting the view hierarchy
164  between relevant parts of documents.  between relevant parts of documents.
165  This form of annotation is often used on images:  This form of annotation is often used on images:
166  a label is placed on the margin and a line is drawn to the relevant  a label is placed on the margin and a line is drawn to the relevant
167  point in the image.  point in the image. XXX See fig.XXX
168    
169  Free form 'digital ink' annotation  Free form 'digital ink' annotation
170  (e.g., XLibris [schilit98digital]_, iMarkup[XXref])  (e.g., XLibris [schilit98digital]_, iMarkup[XXref])
171  is currently the closest thing to cross-cutting connections,  allow cross-cutting connections inside a single document.
172  because that's what users do with them.  The XLibris system also
173  However, document authors cannot anticipate the information  searches for pages containing contant similar
 needs of all readers, so the user also needs a way to make  
 connections between multiple documents.  
 XLibris automatically searches for pages containing contant similar  
174  to what the user underlined or circled on a page,  to what the user underlined or circled on a page,
175  and suggests links to the related pages as thumbnails in the margin.  and suggests links to the related pages as thumbnails in the margin.
176    
   
177  In this article, we take the ideas seen in the above references  In this article, we take the ideas seen in the above references
178  a step further.  a logical step further.
 Modern graphics accelerators enable, even on commodity hardware,  
 several visual effects that 5 years ago were only possible on expensive  
 graphics workstations.  
 We present a number of user interface technologies that are now possible  
 on typical hardware.  
179  These techniques together make it possible to implement a  These techniques together make it possible to implement a
180  new focus+context user interface with two important features.  new focus+context user interface with two important features.
181  First, all connected information is visible in fine detail  First, all connected information is visible in fine detail
# Line 198  and animating a document fragment as a t Line 195  and animating a document fragment as a t
195  and unique background textures for visualising the identity  and unique background textures for visualising the identity
196  of the documents.  of the documents.
197    
198    Modern graphics accelerators enable, even on commodity hardware,
199    several visual effects that 5 years ago were only possible on expensive
200    graphics workstations.
201    We present a number of user interface technologies that are now possible
202    on typical hardware.
203    
204    
205  We present an example application that shows PDF documents  We present an example application that shows PDF documents
206  with connections and annotations using the new techniques.  with connections and annotations using the new techniques.
207  The application is based on a xanalogical structure and,  The application is based on a xanalogical structure and,

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