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revision 1.62 by jvk, Wed Feb 12 11:48:26 2003 UTC revision 1.63 by jvk, Wed Feb 12 14:14:25 2003 UTC
# Line 90  SEQUENCE BETWEEN NODES!!! Line 90  SEQUENCE BETWEEN NODES!!!
90  Introduction  Introduction
91  ============  ============
92    
 Modern graphics accelerators enable, even on commodity hardware,  
 several visual effects that 5 years ago were only possible on expensive  
 graphics workstations.  
 It is time to re-examine the...  
   
93  In many hypertext systems today, following a link means a disruptive change  In many hypertext systems today, following a link means a disruptive change
94  in the user's workflow, replacing the current context with an  in the user's workflow, replacing the current context with an
95  entirely different one.  entirely different one.
96    This is possibly because most systems still use the paradigm developed in 70s
97    at Xerox PARC [XXXref] with
98    overlapping, rectangular, *independent* viewports to paper-like documents ---
99    A link operation can only create a new window or switch the contents of an
100    existing window.
101    Alternatives, e.g., replacing part of text (XXX antont's reference)
102    are not very popular and ...
103    
104    There have been various attempts to improve user orientation.
105    One approach is to embed information about the destination
106    or the link relationship in the links.
107    Link titles are now a standard HTML feature (at least since 2.0) and
108    fluid links [zellweger98fluid]_ take the concept further by
109    allowing a user to see gradually more and more target context
110    before following a link.
111    Hypercept [milgram99hypercept]_ provides a cue of local structure
112    by animating the transition from current document to a linked
113    document in different ways depending on the structural relationship
114    exemplified by the link.
115    
116    .. XXX: behaviour, structural role
117    
118    Another approach is to show the local structure directly in the view layout.
119    Focus+context views of the web as proposed by Mukherjea and Hara
120    [mukharjea97fcwww]_ provide overview diagrams of the linking strucure
121    of web pages with important nodes emphasized.
122    The Pad++ browser [fc-zooming]_ records history of the visited pages
123    as a tree with nodes showing the complete pages.
124    The focused page is shown at a larger scale and the user is free to
125    pan and zoom the large virtual view with all layout changes
126    fluidly animated.
127    
128  - possibly because most systems still use in the paradigm developed in 70s at Xerox PARC:  ..  - long pages get scrollbars
   
     - overlapping, rectangular, *independent* viewports to paper-like documents  
   
         - link operation can only create new window or switch contents of window  
   
         - alternatives, e.g. replacing part of text (XXX antont's reference)  
           not very popular  
   
 There have been various attempts to alleviate these problems:  
   
   
 - `Link titles`_ (in the HTML standard at least since 2.0)  
   give additional information by the linking page's author  
   about a link's destination  
   
 .. _Link titles: http://www.useit.com/alertbox/980111.html  
129    
130  - Fluid links [zellweger98fluid]_ can be put in by the original author,  Buoy-like annotation, less PARC-like:
   or by the user [XXX ht'01],  
131    
132    - Fluid annotations can be rendered through a DOM: That is,  In XLibris [XXX ht'02: going back in hypertext][schilit98digital]_,
133      it suffices to modify the page's DOM and re-render, you don't  recently visited pages are shown as thumbnails at the bottom of the window.
134      have to turn the browser's rendering engine inside out to support  Furthermore,
     lines cross-cutting the view hierarchy. This is why buoys would be  
     harder to adopt into an existing program. The fluid stuff supports  
     animation by modifying the DOM also (it simply grows a box).  
     [XXX Hypermedia in the Small: Fluid annotations through  
     open hypermedia: using and extending emerging web standards, WWW2002]  
   
   - (IMHO) user interface problems: confuses using the mouse as eye or hand:  
     normal mouse use: mouse = hand. quake mouse: mouse = eye.  
     Here, neither paradigm applies fully as you would need to move both  
     the mouse AND your eyes.  
   
   - Also, the following the link that received the fluid annotation  
     still has the same disruptive change.  
   
   
 - Focus+context views of the web as proposed by  
   Mukherjea and Hara [mukharjea97fcwww]_ give a 1'000ft  
   view of the linking strucure (need to read & find out whether  
   they show thumbnails, or what they show).  
   Emphasis seems to be on the methods for generating the f+c structure,  
   i.e., finding landmarks, paths between nodes, what nodes to show, etc.  
   Some features used in the example views:  
   
         - nodes are shown as cubes (focus node as a sphere) with titles  
         - node size/height/color depicts importance/access frequency  
         - landmark nodes distinguished by color  
         - left/right direction for in/out links  
135    
 - In XLibris [XXX ht'02: going back in hypertext], recently visited  
   pages are shown as thumbnails at the bottom of the window  
136  - Free form 'digital ink' annotation [e.g. XLibris, iMarkup?] is currently  - Free form 'digital ink' annotation [e.g. XLibris, iMarkup?] is currently
137    the closest thing to cross-cutting connections (because that's what    the closest thing to cross-cutting connections (because that's what
138    users do with them, at least sometimes)    users do with them, at least sometimes)
# Line 180  There have been various attempts to alle Line 160  There have been various attempts to alle
160      Therefore, *the readers must make the links*! (Or be able to.)      Therefore, *the readers must make the links*! (Or be able to.)
161      (Should be able to find this point somewhere.)      (Should be able to find this point somewhere.)
162    
 - Hypercept: [milgram99hypercept]_  
163    
164  - Nelson's as of yet unimplemented  - Nelson's as of yet unimplemented
165    transpointing windows [1979] are not about showing a set of links,    transpointing windows [1979] are not about showing a set of links,
# Line 196  There have been various attempts to alle Line 175  There have been various attempts to alle
175      existing view systems, but tricked its way around it)      existing view systems, but tricked its way around it)
176    
177    
 - pad++ browser: shows linked docs next to it  
   [fc-zooming]_  
   http://www.cs.umd.edu/hcil/pad++/papers/bookchap-98-webbrowser/index.html  
   
   - builds a zoomable tree of the visited web pages  
   - fluidly animates all view changes  
   - page size proportional to the distance from focus  
   - the layout depends on the order the user visits the pages  
   - ancestor / descendant pages shown on left/right sides of a page  
   - long pages get scrollbars  
   
178  In this article, we take the ideas seen in the above references  In this article, we take the ideas seen in the above references
179  a step further, by  a step further, by
180    
# Line 218  In this article, we ask what could be ga Line 186  In this article, we ask what could be ga
186  we present some user interface technologies  we present some user interface technologies
187  developed for  developed for
188    
189    Modern graphics accelerators enable, even on commodity hardware,
190    several visual effects that 5 years ago were only possible on expensive
191    graphics workstations.
192    It is time to re-examine the...
193    
194    
195  xupdf:  xupdf:
196    - less rigid structure of the view:    - less rigid structure of the view:
# Line 517  An example structure: a MEMEX-like view Line 490  An example structure: a MEMEX-like view
490  ..  UML:: xupdfStructure  ..  UML:: xupdfStructure
491      :caption: An UML diagram of the structure XXX. XXX orthogonal...      :caption: An UML diagram of the structure XXX. XXX orthogonal...
492      :width: 8cm      :width: 8cm
493        :alt: figuml
494    
495      class xuFluidMediaUnit      class xuFluidMediaUnit
496          fields          fields

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