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revision 1.78 by jvk, Thu Feb 13 12:16:24 2003 UTC revision 1.79 by jvk, Thu Feb 13 12:50:52 2003 UTC
# Line 102  Introduction Line 102  Introduction
102  In many hypertext systems today, following a link means a disruptive change  In many hypertext systems today, following a link means a disruptive change
103  in the user's workflow, replacing the current context with an  in the user's workflow, replacing the current context with an
104  entirely different one.  entirely different one.
105  This is possibly because most systems still use the paradigm developed in 70s  The reason for this is that most systems still use the paradigm
106  at Xerox PARC [XXXref] with  (developed in 70s at Xerox PARC [XXXref]) of
107  overlapping, rectangular, *independent* viewports to paper-like documents ---  overlapping, rectangular, *independent* viewports to paper-like documents ---
108  A link operation can only create a new window or switch the contents of an  A link operation can only create a new window or switch the contents of an
109  existing window.  existing window.
110  Alternatives, e.g., replacing part of text (XXX antont's reference)  Alternatives, such as replacing part of text (XXX antont's reference),
111  are not very popular and not so intuitive... [XXXref]  are not very popular nor intuitive... [XXXref]
112    
113  There have been much work on improving user orientation.  There have been much work on improving user orientation.
114  One approach is to embed information about the destination in the links.  One approach is to embed information about the destination in the links.
115  Link titles are now a standard HTML feature (at least since 2.0) and  Link titles are now a standard HTML feature (at least since version 2.0) and
116  fluid links [zellweger98fluid]_ take the concept further by  fluid links [zellweger98fluid]_ take the concept further by
117  allowing a user to see gradually more and more target context  allowing the user to see gradually more and more target context
118  before following a link.  before following a specific link.
119  Hypercept [milgram99hypercept]_ provides a cue of local structure  Hypercept [milgram99hypercept]_ provides a cue of local structure
120  by animating the transition from current document to a linked  by animating the transition from the current document to a linked
121  document in different ways depending on the structural relationship  document in different ways depending on the structural relationship
122  exemplified by the link.  exemplified by the link.
123    
124  .. XXX: behaviour, structural role  .. XXX: behaviour, structural role
125    
126  Another approach is to show the context directly in the view layout.  Another approach is to show the context directly in the view layout.
127  Focus+context views of the web as proposed by Mukherjea and Hara  Focus+context views of the web, as proposed by Mukherjea and Hara
128  [mukharjea97fcwww]_ provide overview diagrams of the linking strucure  [mukharjea97fcwww]_, provide overview diagrams of the linking strucure
129  of web pages with important nodes emphasized.  of web pages with important nodes emphasized.
130  The Pad++ browser [fc-zooming]_ records history of the visited pages  The Pad++ browser [fc-zooming]_ records history of the visited pages
131  as a tree with nodes showing complete pages.  as a tree with nodes showing complete pages.
# Line 171  Second, all view changes are fluidly ani Line 171  Second, all view changes are fluidly ani
171  and local spatial structure is approximately maintained in transitions.  and local spatial structure is approximately maintained in transitions.
172    
173  The interface requires less rigid structure of the view than  The interface requires less rigid structure of the view than
174  earlier interfaces. Only the relevant fragments of connected documents  earlier interfaces.
175  can be shown to be able to show all connected information.  To be able to show all the connected information near the focus,
176    only the relevant fragments of the linked documents can be shown.
177  Therefore, we must be able to fluidly animate a fragment to  Therefore, we must be able to fluidly animate a fragment to
178  a whole document.  a whole document.
179  The new visual tecniques include buoys, link targets  The new visual tecniques include link targets
180  floating around the focus, break lines, a way of showing  floating around the focus called *buoys*; *break lines*, a way of showing
181  and animating a document fragment as a torn-off piece of the whole,  and animating a document fragment as a torn-off piece of the whole;
182  and unique background textures for visualising the identity  and unique background textures for visualising the identity
183  of the documents.  of the documents.
184    
185  We present an example application that shows PDF documents  We present an example application that shows PDF documents
186  with connections and annotations using the new techniques.  with connections and annotations using the new techniques.
187  The application is based on xanalogical structure and,  The application is based on a xanalogical structure and,
188  orthogonal to it, on a spatial canvas structure that allows user to  orthogonal to it, on a spatial canvas structure that allows the user to
189  enter annotations and transclusions from the documents  enter annotations and transclusions from the documents
190  on a virtual canvas. Xanalogical links are allow the user  on a virtual canvas. Xanalogical links allow the user
191  to connect associated parts of documents.  to connect associated parts of documents.
192    
193    
# Line 196  to connect associated parts of documents Line 197  to connect associated parts of documents
197  ..  In this article, we ask what could be gained by using  ..  In this article, we ask what could be gained by using
198    
199    
200  In the following sections, ...  In the following sections, we ...
201    
202  User-interface techniques enabled by fast hardware  User-interface techniques enabled by fast hardware
203  ==================================================  ==================================================
# Line 658  described here: Line 659  described here:
659  Acknowledgments  Acknowledgments
660  ===============  ===============
661    
662  The authors would like to thank Tuukka Hastrup for discussions.  The authors would like to thank Tuukka Hastrup and
663    
664    .. raw:: latex
665    
666       Hermanni Hyyti\"al\"a
667    
668    for discussions regarding this manuscript.
669    
670  .. bibliography:: gzigzag  .. bibliography:: gzigzag
671    

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