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revision 1.58 by tjl, Sat Mar 29 08:17:57 2003 UTC revision 1.59 by tjl, Sat Mar 29 08:22:54 2003 UTC
# Line 1241  textures, Line 1241  textures,
1241  - images not good, can't generate infinite supply easily, too much  - images not good, can't generate infinite supply easily, too much
1242    semantics    semantics
1243    
1244  - thus, use solid colors even though know not really good.  - thus, use solid colors even though know solid colors not really recognizable.
1245    
1246    
1247    Surely it would be hard to remember, e.g., 100 textures.
1248    However, the user does not have to remember all the textures;
1249    it suffices to learn the textures of the most often used documents
1250    and distinguish them from the rest:
1251    see Fig.~\ref{fig-zipf}.
1252    Many studies of web cache statistics
1253    have shown that for instance file popularity approximately follows Zipf's law
1254    (see, e.g. [xxxref]) so that a small number of documents accounts
1255    for most of the use.
1256    
1257    \begin{figure}
1258    \centering
1259    %\fbox{\vbox{\vskip 3in}}
1260    \ifpics
1261    \includegraphics[width=6cm]{zipfarea.1}
1262    \fi
1263    \caption{
1264    \label{fig-zipf}
1265    Zipf's law concretized: why remembering 15 textures helps.
1266    In real life, accesses to documents often follow Zipf's law, meaning that
1267    some documents get accessed far more often than most.
1268    Each square represents a document, and the area of each square is scaled
1269    to its rate of accesses.
1270    The diagram shows 2000 documents weighted with Zipf's law with exponent 1.1.
1271    The 15 most important documents account XXX\% of the accesses.
1272    }
1273    \end{figure}
1274    
1275    Thus, the experiment measured the recognition of only 15 textures,
1276    and
1277    
1278    Furthermore, because the texture appearance has no correlation
1279    with the document content,
1280    the textures of any two important files are similar only by chance.
1281    
1282  We have conducted an experiment in a similar setting comparing  We have conducted an experiment in a similar setting comparing
1283  the recognition performance of our textures with solid color backgrounds.  the recognition performance of our textures with solid color backgrounds.
# Line 1282  total & \numres{78}{2.8} & \numres{22}{5 Line 1318  total & \numres{78}{2.8} & \numres{22}{5
1318  \end{center}  \end{center}
1319  \caption{  \caption{
1320  \label{tableresults}  \label{tableresults}
1321  (percentage of trials and reaction time in seconds):  Results of a recognition experiment with 15 previously seen
1322    textures light colors to be picked out from 15 not previously seen
1323    instances.
1324    The numbers give the
1325    percentage of trials and the average reaction time in seconds for
1326    the five subjects.
1327  }  }
1328  \end{table}  \end{table}
1329    
# Line 1297  recognition (without additional cues). Line 1338  recognition (without additional cues).
1338  The observed difference in recognition performance is statistically  The observed difference in recognition performance is statistically
1339  significant [F(1,4) = 19.0, p = .012].  significant [F(1,4) = 19.0, p = .012].
1340    
 Of course, the experiment measured the recognition of only 15 textures,  
 and surely it would be harder to remember, e.g., 100 textures.  
 However, the user does not have to remember all the textures;  
 it suffices to learn the textures of the most often used documents,  
 see Fig.~\ref{fig-zipf}.  
 Many studies of web cache statistics  
 have shown that file popularity approximately follows Zipf's law  
 (see, e.g. [xxxref]) so that a small number of documents accounts  
 for most of the use.  
   
 \begin{figure}  
 \centering  
 %\fbox{\vbox{\vskip 3in}}  
 \ifpics  
 \includegraphics[width=6cm]{zipfarea.1}  
 \fi  
 \caption{  
 \label{fig-zipf}  
 Zipf's law concretized: why remembering 15 textures helps.  
 In real life, accesses to documents often follow Zipf's law, meaning that  
 some documents get accessed far more often than most.  
 Each square represents a document, and the area of each square is scaled  
 to its rate of accesses.  
 The diagram shows 2000 documents weighted with Zipf's law with exponent 1.1.  
 The 15 most important documents account XXX\% of the accesses.  
 }  
 \end{figure}  
   
 Furthermore, because the texture appearance has no correlation  
 with the document content,  
 the textures of any two important files are similar only by chance.  
   
1341  %Our experience shows that at least the most recurring textures  %Our experience shows that at least the most recurring textures
1342  %are not only recognized but can  %are not only recognized but can
1343  %also easily be associated with the document content.  %also easily be associated with the document content.

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