Study II pp. 37--43 "In the *Critique Tasks*, subjects were given two paragraphs of the text (called Critique Tasks 1 and 2) which were to be critically reviewed on the basis of th subjects' general knowledge. The Critique Tasks were thought to measure the formation of a situation model, or the ability to go 'beyond' the text. The answers to each task were to be written a given space in the answer sheet." (p. 38) "--concept mapping was related to success in critique tasks." (p. 43) Table 4, p. 42 - in every task more or equal number of participants using concept mapping suceeded above avarage than below avarage - in critique tasks participians using concept mapping succeeded significantly better than other participants .. need to rehearse basics of statistics to fully understand that table .. raw:: @PhdThesis{lonka97conceptmap, author = {Kirsti Lonka}, title = {Explorations of constructive processes in student learning}, school = {Department of Psychology, University of Helsinki}, year = {1997}, }