1468 |
\subsection{Programming guidelines and benchmarks} |
\subsection{Programming guidelines and benchmarks} |
1469 |
|
|
1470 |
All existing Peer-to-Peer systems have rather different interfaces even though they have common properties and |
All existing Peer-to-Peer systems have rather different interfaces even though they have common properties and |
1471 |
components. More important, all existing Peer-to-Peer systems are incompatible with each other. One |
components (e.g., \cite{zhao03api}). More important, all existing Peer-to-Peer systems are incompatible with each other. One |
1472 |
of the most important area of future research is to create common programming abstractions, i.e., |
of the most important area of future research is to create common programming abstractions, i.e., |
1473 |
interfaces, design patters and frameworks. Also, benchmarks are needed for comparing |
interfaces, design patters and frameworks. Also, benchmarks are needed for comparing |
1474 |
different algorithms equally. Recently, there have been few proposals towards common programming |
the efficiency of different algorithms equally. |
1475 |
guidelines. This list includes \cite{zhao03api, frise02p2pframework, babaoglu02anthill}. |
|
1476 |
Early experiments with Peer-to-Peer benchmarking include \cite{ratnasamy02routing, rhea03benchmarks}. |
Recently, there have been few proposals towards common programming guidelines. Authors in |
1477 |
|
\cite{zhao03api} propose a higher level abstracions for tightly structured overlays. Frise et al. suggest the use of |
1478 |
|
additional layer in Peer-to-Peer system to hide the structure of the overlay \cite{frise02p2pframework}. |
1479 |
|
Thus, with their method both the tightly structured and tightly structured approach can be used in the system. |
1480 |
|
Montresor proposes a framework supporting developers and researchers in the design of Peer-to-Peer system |
1481 |
|
\cite{babaoglu02anthill}. |
1482 |
|
|
1483 |
|
Very early experiments with Peer-to-Peer benchmarking include \cite{rhea03benchmarks}. Currently, authors' |
1484 |
|
work focus on application-driven benchmarks for tightly structured overlays. |
1485 |
|
|
1486 |
\subsection{Social behavior} |
\subsection{Social behavior} |
1487 |
|
|
1488 |
Frequent assumption in Peer-to-Peer systems is that peers are willing to cooperate. Another belief |
Frequent assumption in Peer-to-Peer systems is that peers are willing to cooperate (e.g., \cite{shneidman03rationality}). |
1489 |
is that all peers would behave equally, i.e., all peers both consume and contribute services. |
Another belief is that all peers would behave equally, i.e., all peers both consume and contribute services \cite{saroiu02measurementstudyp2p}. |
1490 |
However, these assumptions are not true as several studies show \cite{saroiu02measurementstudyp2p, |
However, these assumptions are not true as several studies show \cite{saroiu02measurementstudyp2p, |
1491 |
oram01harnessingpower, hearn02mojonation}. Peers rather consume than contribute and peers are |
oram01harnessingpower, hearn02mojonation}. Peers rather consume than contribute and peers are |
1492 |
unwilling to cooperate. |
unwilling to cooperate. |
1494 |
Somewhat surprisingly little research has been done in this area, especially when considering |
Somewhat surprisingly little research has been done in this area, especially when considering |
1495 |
the possible impact of \emph{unwanted social behavior} to performance of a Peer-to-Peer |
the possible impact of \emph{unwanted social behavior} to performance of a Peer-to-Peer |
1496 |
system. The problem is addressed by Golle et al. \cite{golle01incentivesp2p}, Ngan et al. |
system. The problem is addressed by Golle et al. \cite{golle01incentivesp2p}, Ngan et al. |
1497 |
\cite{ngan03enforcefile} and Shneidman et al. \cite{shneidman03rationality}. Some |
\cite{ngan03enforcefile} and Shneidman et al. \cite{shneidman03rationality}. |
1498 |
research has been focused on semantic properties of the overlay in order to increase |
Some research has been focused on semantic properties of the overlay in order to increase |
1499 |
cooperation among participating peers \cite{crespo02semanticoverlay}. Ramanathan et al. |
cooperation among participating peers \cite{crespo02semanticoverlay}. Ramanathan et al. |
1500 |
\cite{ramanathan02goodpeers} and Bernstein et al. \cite{bernstein03selection} use |
\cite{ramanathan02goodpeers} and Bernstein et al. \cite{bernstein03selection} use |
1501 |
empirical metrics and decision trees when teaching peers to make better decisions |
empirical metrics and decision trees when teaching peers to make better decisions |
1502 |
when contacting other peers in Peer-to-Peer system. Alpine \cite{alpineurl} is an example of |
when contacting other peers in Peer-to-Peer system. Alpine \cite{alpineurl} is an example of |
1503 |
Peer-to-Peer system, which uses empirical metrics for peer selection. |
Peer-to-Peer system, which uses empirical metrics for a peer selection. |
1504 |
|
|
1505 |
|
|
1506 |
\subsection{Simulating Peer-to-Peer systems} |
\subsection{Simulating Peer-to-Peer systems} |
1507 |
|
|
1508 |
Very little research has been done on simulating a Peer-to-Peer system. Presumably, this |
Very little research has been done on simulating a Peer-to-Peer system. Presumably, this |
1509 |
is due to complex nature of Peer-to-Peer system, which makes comprehensive simulations very |
is due to complex nature of Peer-to-Peer system, which makes comprehensive simulations very |
1510 |
difficult. Floyd et al. have been studying the simulation of the Internet in \cite{504642}. Authors |
difficult \cite{bhagwan03availability}. Floyd et al. have been studying the simulation of the Internet in \cite{504642}. Authors |
1511 |
state that simulating the Internet is very challenging task, because of its heterogeneity |
state that simulating the Internet is very challenging task, because of its heterogeneity |
1512 |
and rapid change. Obviously, these factors exist also in Peer-to-Peer systems even with higher |
and rapid change. Obviously, these factors exist also in Peer-to-Peer systems even with higher |
1513 |
rates. |
rates. |
1516 |
analysis on general properties of a Peer-to-Peer system, such as usage patterns. However, we can assume |
analysis on general properties of a Peer-to-Peer system, such as usage patterns. However, we can assume |
1517 |
that, e.g., query keywords follow the Zipf-like distribution \cite{breslau98implications} both in the |
that, e.g., query keywords follow the Zipf-like distribution \cite{breslau98implications} both in the |
1518 |
Internet and in Peer-to-Peer systems. |
Internet and in Peer-to-Peer systems. |
|
|
|
|
|
|
1519 |
|
|
1520 |
\subsection{Summary} |
\subsection{Summary} |
1521 |
|
|
1522 |
In this subsection we list security problems in Peer-to-Peer systems in the table. |
In this subsection we list security problems in Peer-to-Peer systems in the table. |
1523 |
|
|
|
|
|
1524 |
\scriptsize |
\scriptsize |
1525 |
\begin{longtable}{|l|l|l|l|} |
\begin{longtable}{|l|l|l|l|} |
1526 |
|
|