171 |
a separate underlying canvas. |
a separate underlying canvas. |
172 |
|
|
173 |
|
|
174 |
Non-rectangular window shapes technically possible\cite{XSHAPEEXT} |
Non-rectangular window shapes {\em are} technically possible\cite{XSHAPEEXT} |
175 |
but not |
but not |
176 |
used except for some special effects such as a |
used except for some special effects such as a |
177 |
round clock, |
round clock, |
219 |
|
|
220 |
The recent work on non-photorealistic rendering has been concentrated |
The recent work on non-photorealistic rendering has been concentrated |
221 |
more on rendering polygonal 3D models in ways which resemble |
more on rendering polygonal 3D models in ways which resemble |
222 |
paitings or drawings of real-world objects by human artists. |
paintings or drawings of real-world objects by human artists. |
223 |
However, we must point out that |
However, we must point out that |
224 |
windowing systems are also |
windowing systems are also |
225 |
usually non-photorealistic. Of course, this is not originally |
usually non-photorealistic. Of course, this is not originally |
226 |
an UI design but a {\em technical} decision: lines were easier |
a UI design but a {\em technical} decision: lines were easier |
227 |
to draw than shaded surfaces. |
to draw than shaded surfaces. |
228 |
|
|
229 |
% However, in retrospect this seems like a |
% However, in retrospect this seems like a |
294 |
a)\includegraphics[width=5cm]{paradigm2.ps}\\ |
a)\includegraphics[width=5cm]{paradigm2.ps}\\ |
295 |
b)\includegraphics[width=5.5cm]{paradigm.ps} |
b)\includegraphics[width=5.5cm]{paradigm.ps} |
296 |
\caption{\label{figparadigm} |
\caption{\label{figparadigm} |
297 |
The different metaphors: a) conventional viewports |
The metaphors: a) conventional viewports |
298 |
and b) torn viewports. |
and b) torn viewports. |
299 |
} |
} |
300 |
\end{figure} |
\end{figure} |
320 |
One thing that we hope to achieve is that instead of having to perceive |
One thing that we hope to achieve is that instead of having to perceive |
321 |
two objects, the ``hole'' of the viewport and the the canvas behind, |
two objects, the ``hole'' of the viewport and the the canvas behind, |
322 |
the user would have to perceive only the torn piece, as in Fig.~\ref{figparadigm}. |
the user would have to perceive only the torn piece, as in Fig.~\ref{figparadigm}. |
323 |
However, whether this can is achieved remains the subject of further study. |
Whether this can is achieved remains the subject of further study. |
324 |
|
|
325 |
Additionally, the motion of the uneven edge can be used to give the |
Additionally, the motion of the uneven edge can be used to give the |
326 |
user a cue about the motion of the viewport, and |
user a cue about the motion of the viewport, and |
350 |
|
|
351 |
% Focus+context |
% Focus+context |
352 |
|
|
353 |
Now, from a purely physical viewpoint the tearout is not really |
Now, from a purely physical perspective the tearout is not really |
354 |
a good metaphor\cite{kuhn91formalization}: |
a good metaphor\cite{kuhn91formalization}: |
355 |
a real torn piece of paper cannot change the place from where it is torn, with the edges rippling etc. |
a real torn piece of paper cannot change the place from where it is torn, with the edges rippling etc. |
356 |
However, the idea of break lines in technical drawings is well |
However, the idea of break lines in technical drawings is well |
357 |
established and therefore this idea should be comprehensible. |
established and therefore the motion should be comprehensible. |
358 |
|
|
359 |
% However, similar jagged edges have been used in technical drawings for quite some |
% However, similar jagged edges have been used in technical drawings for quite some |
360 |
% time to indicate that the depicted object extends beyond the part drawn in the diagram. |
% time to indicate that the depicted object extends beyond the part drawn in the diagram. |
388 |
\end{figure} |
\end{figure} |
389 |
|
|
390 |
As to the graphical appearance of the torn viewports, |
As to the graphical appearance of the torn viewports, |
391 |
there are two main reasons to go for nonphotorealistic rendering: |
there are two main reasons to go for non-photorealistic rendering: |
392 |
firstly, to imply to the user that the viewport does not behave |
firstly, to imply to the user that the viewport does not behave |
393 |
exactly like a real paper; to make the overall view clearer. |
exactly like a real paper; to make the overall view clearer. |
394 |
Drawing only the silhouette edge\cite{saito90comprehensible} of the |
Drawing only the silhouette edge\cite{saito90comprehensible} of the |
1060 |
|
|
1061 |
\section{Acknowledgments} |
\section{Acknowledgments} |
1062 |
|
|
1063 |
The authors would like to thank \censor{XXX Canny!!, Benja Fallenstein and |
The authors would like to thank \censor{XXX Canny!!, Benja Fallenstein and vegai |
1064 |
|
and |
1065 |
Antti-Juhani Kaijanaho} for discussions. |
Antti-Juhani Kaijanaho} for discussions. |
1066 |
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|
1067 |
% References contain hard-to-typeset parts -- help TeX out a bit |
% References contain hard-to-typeset parts -- help TeX out a bit |