364 |
free software license, such as the GNU General Public License, |
free software license, such as the GNU General Public License, |
365 |
to permit their use in free software. |
to permit their use in free software. |
366 |
|
|
367 |
|
\chapter{GNU GENERAL PUBLIC LICENSE} |
368 |
|
\label{ch:gpl} |
369 |
|
Version 2, June 1991\\ |
370 |
|
|
371 |
|
\noindent |
372 |
|
Copyright \copyright\ 1989, 1991 Free Software Foundation, Inc.\\ |
373 |
|
59 Temple Place, Suite 330, Boston, MA 02111-1307 USA |
374 |
|
|
375 |
|
\noindent |
376 |
|
Everyone is permitted to copy and distribute verbatim copies |
377 |
|
of this license document, but changing it is not allowed. |
378 |
|
|
379 |
|
|
380 |
|
\section*{Preamble} |
381 |
|
|
382 |
|
The licenses for most software are designed to take away your freedom to |
383 |
|
share and change it. By contrast, the GNU General Public License is intended |
384 |
|
to guarantee your freedom to share and change free software---to make sure |
385 |
|
the software is free for all its users. This General Public License applies |
386 |
|
to most of the Free Software Foundation's software and to any other program |
387 |
|
whose authors commit to using it. (Some other Free Software Foundation |
388 |
|
software is covered by the GNU Library General Public License instead.) You |
389 |
|
can apply it to your programs, too. |
390 |
|
|
391 |
|
When we speak of free software, we are referring to freedom, not price. Our |
392 |
|
General Public Licenses are designed to make sure that you have the freedom |
393 |
|
to distribute copies of free software (and charge for this service if you |
394 |
|
wish), that you receive source code or can get it if you want it, that you |
395 |
|
can change the software or use pieces of it in new free programs; and that |
396 |
|
you know you can do these things. |
397 |
|
|
398 |
|
To protect your rights, we need to make restrictions that forbid anyone to |
399 |
|
deny you these rights or to ask you to surrender the rights. These |
400 |
|
restrictions translate to certain responsibilities for you if you distribute |
401 |
|
copies of the software, or if you modify it. |
402 |
|
|
403 |
|
For example, if you distribute copies of such a program, whether gratis or |
404 |
|
for a fee, you must give the recipients all the rights that you have. You |
405 |
|
must make sure that they, too, receive or can get the source code. And you |
406 |
|
must show them these terms so they know their rights. |
407 |
|
|
408 |
|
We protect your rights with two steps: (1) copyright the software, and (2) |
409 |
|
offer you this license which gives you legal permission to copy, distribute |
410 |
|
and/or modify the software. |
411 |
|
|
412 |
|
Also, for each author's protection and ours, we want to make certain that |
413 |
|
everyone understands that there is no warranty for this free software. If |
414 |
|
the software is modified by someone else and passed on, we want its |
415 |
|
recipients to know that what they have is not the original, so that any |
416 |
|
problems introduced by others will not reflect on the original authors' |
417 |
|
reputations. |
418 |
|
|
419 |
|
Finally, any free program is threatened constantly by software patents. We |
420 |
|
wish to avoid the danger that redistributors of a free program will |
421 |
|
individually obtain patent licenses, in effect making the program |
422 |
|
proprietary. To prevent this, we have made it clear that any patent must be |
423 |
|
licensed for everyone's free use or not licensed at all. |
424 |
|
|
425 |
|
The precise terms and conditions for copying, distribution and modification |
426 |
|
follow. |
427 |
|
|
428 |
|
|
429 |
|
\section*{Terms and conditions for copying, distribution and modification} |
430 |
|
|
431 |
|
\begin{enumerate} |
432 |
|
|
433 |
|
\makeatletter \setcounter{\@listctr}{-1} \makeatother |
434 |
|
|
435 |
|
\item [0.] This License applies to any program or other work which contains a |
436 |
|
notice placed by the copyright holder saying it may be distributed |
437 |
|
under the terms of this General Public License. The ``Program'', |
438 |
|
below, refers to any such program or work, and a ``work based on the |
439 |
|
Program'' means either the Program or any derivative work under |
440 |
|
copyright law: that is to say, a work containing the Program or a |
441 |
|
portion of it, either verbatim or with modifications and/or translated |
442 |
|
into another language. (Hereinafter, translation is included without |
443 |
|
limitation in the term ``modification''.) Each licensee is addressed |
444 |
|
as ``you''. |
445 |
|
|
446 |
|
Activities other than copying, distribution and modification are not |
447 |
|
covered by this License; they are outside its scope. The act of |
448 |
|
running the Program is not restricted, and the output from the Program |
449 |
|
is covered only if its contents constitute a work based on the Program |
450 |
|
(independent of having been made by running the Program). Whether that |
451 |
|
is true depends on what the Program does. |
452 |
|
|
453 |
|
\item [1.] You may copy and distribute verbatim copies of the Program's |
454 |
|
source code as you receive it, in any medium, provided that you |
455 |
|
conspicuously and appropriately publish on each copy an appropriate |
456 |
|
copyright notice and disclaimer of warranty; keep intact all the |
457 |
|
notices that refer to this License and to the absence of any warranty; |
458 |
|
and give any other recipients of the Program a copy of this License |
459 |
|
along with the Program. |
460 |
|
|
461 |
|
You may charge a fee for the physical act of transferring a copy, and |
462 |
|
you may at your option offer warranty protection in exchange for a fee. |
463 |
|
|
464 |
|
\item [2.] You may modify your copy or copies of the Program or any portion |
465 |
|
of it, thus forming a work based on the Program, and copy and |
466 |
|
distribute such modifications or work under the terms of Section 1 |
467 |
|
above, provided that you also meet all of these conditions: |
468 |
|
|
469 |
|
\begin{enumerate} |
470 |
|
|
471 |
|
\item [(a)] You must cause the modified files to carry prominent |
472 |
|
notices stating that you changed the files and the date of any |
473 |
|
change. |
474 |
|
|
475 |
|
\item [(b)] You must cause any work that you distribute or publish, |
476 |
|
that in whole or in part contains or is derived from the Program |
477 |
|
or any part thereof, to be licensed as a whole at no charge to |
478 |
|
all third parties under the terms of this License. |
479 |
|
|
480 |
|
\item [(c)] If the modified program normally reads commands |
481 |
|
interactively when run, you must cause it, when started running |
482 |
|
for such interactive use in the most ordinary way, to print or |
483 |
|
display an announcement including an appropriate copyright notice |
484 |
|
and a notice that there is no warranty (or else, saying that you |
485 |
|
provide a warranty) and that users may redistribute the program |
486 |
|
under these conditions, and telling the user how to view a copy |
487 |
|
of this License. (Exception: if the Program itself is |
488 |
|
interactive but does not normally print such an announcement, |
489 |
|
your work based on the Program is not required to print an |
490 |
|
announcement.) |
491 |
|
|
492 |
|
\end{enumerate} |
493 |
|
|
494 |
|
These requirements apply to the modified work as a whole. If |
495 |
|
identifiable sections of that work are not derived from the Program, |
496 |
|
and can be reasonably considered independent and separate works in |
497 |
|
themselves, then this License, and its terms, do not apply to those |
498 |
|
sections when you distribute them as separate works. But when you |
499 |
|
distribute the same sections as part of a whole which is a work based |
500 |
|
on the Program, the distribution of the whole must be on the terms of |
501 |
|
this License, whose permissions for other licensees extend to the |
502 |
|
entire whole, and thus to each and every part regardless of who wrote |
503 |
|
it. |
504 |
|
|
505 |
|
Thus, it is not the intent of this section to claim rights or contest |
506 |
|
your rights to work written entirely by you; rather, the intent is to |
507 |
|
exercise the right to control the distribution of derivative or |
508 |
|
collective works based on the Program. |
509 |
|
|
510 |
|
In addition, mere aggregation of another work not based on the Program |
511 |
|
with the Program (or with a work based on the Program) on a volume of a |
512 |
|
storage or distribution medium does not bring the other work under the |
513 |
|
scope of this License. |
514 |
|
|
515 |
|
\item [3.] You may copy and distribute the Program (or a work based on it, |
516 |
|
under Section 2) in object code or executable form under the terms of |
517 |
|
Sections 1 and 2 above provided that you also do one of the following: |
518 |
|
|
519 |
|
\begin{enumerate} |
520 |
|
|
521 |
|
\item [(a)] Accompany it with the complete corresponding |
522 |
|
machine-readable source code, which must be distributed under the |
523 |
|
terms of Sections 1 and 2 above on a medium customarily used for |
524 |
|
software interchange; or, |
525 |
|
|
526 |
|
\item [(b)] Accompany it with a written offer, valid for at least three |
527 |
|
years, to give any third party, for a charge no more than your |
528 |
|
cost of physically performing source distribution, a complete |
529 |
|
machine-readable copy of the corresponding source code, to be |
530 |
|
distributed under the terms of Sections 1 and 2 above on a medium |
531 |
|
customarily used for software interchange; or, |
532 |
|
|
533 |
|
\item [(c)] Accompany it with the information you received as to the |
534 |
|
offer to distribute corresponding source code. (This alternative |
535 |
|
is allowed only for noncommercial distribution and only if you |
536 |
|
received the program in object code or executable form with such |
537 |
|
an offer, in accord with Subsection b above.) |
538 |
|
|
539 |
|
\end{enumerate} |
540 |
|
|
541 |
|
The source code for a work means the preferred form of the work for |
542 |
|
making modifications to it. For an executable work, complete source |
543 |
|
code means all the source code for all modules it contains, plus any |
544 |
|
associated interface definition files, plus the scripts used to control |
545 |
|
compilation and installation of the executable. However, as a special |
546 |
|
exception, the source code distributed need not include anything that |
547 |
|
is normally distributed (in either source or binary form) with the |
548 |
|
major components (compiler, kernel, and so on) of the operating system |
549 |
|
on which the executable runs, unless that component itself accompanies |
550 |
|
the executable. |
551 |
|
|
552 |
|
If distribution of executable or object code is made by offering access |
553 |
|
to copy from a designated place, then offering equivalent access to |
554 |
|
copy the source code from the same place counts as distribution of the |
555 |
|
source code, even though third parties are not compelled to copy the |
556 |
|
source along with the object code. |
557 |
|
|
558 |
|
\item [4.] You may not copy, modify, sublicense, or distribute the Program |
559 |
|
except as expressly provided under this License. Any attempt otherwise |
560 |
|
to copy, modify, sublicense or distribute the Program is void, and will |
561 |
|
automatically terminate your rights under this License. However, |
562 |
|
parties who have received copies, or rights, from you under this |
563 |
|
License will not have their licenses terminated so long as such parties |
564 |
|
remain in full compliance. |
565 |
|
|
566 |
|
\item [5.] You are not required to accept this License, since you have not |
567 |
|
signed it. However, nothing else grants you permission to modify or |
568 |
|
distribute the Program or its derivative works. These actions are |
569 |
|
prohibited by law if you do not accept this License. Therefore, by |
570 |
|
modifying or distributing the Program (or any work based on the |
571 |
|
Program), you indicate your acceptance of this License to do so, and |
572 |
|
all its terms and conditions for copying, distributing or modifying the |
573 |
|
Program or works based on it. |
574 |
|
|
575 |
|
\item [6.] Each time you redistribute the Program (or any work based on the |
576 |
|
Program), the recipient automatically receives a license from the |
577 |
|
original licensor to copy, distribute or modify the Program subject to |
578 |
|
these terms and conditions. You may not impose any further |
579 |
|
restrictions on the recipients' exercise of the rights granted herein. |
580 |
|
You are not responsible for enforcing compliance by third parties to |
581 |
|
this License. |
582 |
|
|
583 |
|
\item [7.] If, as a consequence of a court judgment or allegation of patent |
584 |
|
infringement or for any other reason (not limited to patent issues), |
585 |
|
conditions are imposed on you (whether by court order, agreement or |
586 |
|
otherwise) that contradict the conditions of this License, they do not |
587 |
|
excuse you from the conditions of this License. If you cannot |
588 |
|
distribute so as to satisfy simultaneously your obligations under this |
589 |
|
License and any other pertinent obligations, then as a consequence you |
590 |
|
may not distribute the Program at all. For example, if a patent |
591 |
|
license would not permit royalty-free redistribution of the Program by |
592 |
|
all those who receive copies directly or indirectly through you, then |
593 |
|
the only way you could satisfy both it and this License would be to |
594 |
|
refrain entirely from distribution of the Program. |
595 |
|
|
596 |
|
If any portion of this section is held invalid or unenforceable under |
597 |
|
any particular circumstance, the balance of the section is intended to |
598 |
|
apply and the section as a whole is intended to apply in other |
599 |
|
circumstances. |
600 |
|
|
601 |
|
It is not the purpose of this section to induce you to infringe any |
602 |
|
patents or other property right claims or to contest validity of any |
603 |
|
such claims; this section has the sole purpose of protecting the |
604 |
|
integrity of the free software distribution system, which is |
605 |
|
implemented by public license practices. Many people have made |
606 |
|
generous contributions to the wide range of software distributed |
607 |
|
through that system in reliance on consistent application of that |
608 |
|
system; it is up to the author/donor to decide if he or she is willing |
609 |
|
to distribute software through any other system and a licensee cannot |
610 |
|
impose that choice. |
611 |
|
|
612 |
|
This section is intended to make thoroughly clear what is believed to |
613 |
|
be a consequence of the rest of this License. |
614 |
|
|
615 |
|
\item [8.] If the distribution and/or use of the Program is restricted in |
616 |
|
certain countries either by patents or by copyrighted interfaces, the |
617 |
|
original copyright holder who places the Program under this License may |
618 |
|
add an explicit geographical distribution limitation excluding those |
619 |
|
countries, so that distribution is permitted only in or among countries |
620 |
|
not thus excluded. In such case, this License incorporates the |
621 |
|
limitation as if written in the body of this License. |
622 |
|
|
623 |
|
\item [9.] The Free Software Foundation may publish revised and/or new |
624 |
|
versions of the General Public License from time to time. Such new |
625 |
|
versions will be similar in spirit to the present version, but may |
626 |
|
differ in detail to address new problems or concerns. |
627 |
|
|
628 |
|
Each version is given a distinguishing version number. If the Program |
629 |
|
specifies a version number of this License which applies to it and |
630 |
|
``any later version'', you have the option of following the terms and |
631 |
|
conditions either of that version or of any later version published by |
632 |
|
the Free Software Foundation. If the Program does not specify a |
633 |
|
version number of this License, you may choose any version ever |
634 |
|
published by the Free Software Foundation. |
635 |
|
|
636 |
|
\item [10.] If you wish to incorporate parts of the Program into other free |
637 |
|
programs whose distribution conditions are different, write to the |
638 |
|
author to ask for permission. For software which is copyrighted by the |
639 |
|
Free Software Foundation, write to the Free Software Foundation; we |
640 |
|
sometimes make exceptions for this. Our decision will be guided by the |
641 |
|
two goals of preserving the free status of all derivatives of our free |
642 |
|
software and of promoting the sharing and reuse of software generally. |
643 |
|
|
644 |
|
\begin{center} |
645 |
|
NO WARRANTY |
646 |
|
\end{center} |
647 |
|
|
648 |
|
\bfseries |
649 |
|
|
650 |
|
\item [11.] Because the Program is licensed free of charge, there is no |
651 |
|
warranty for the Program, to the extent permitted by applicable law. |
652 |
|
except when otherwise stated in writing the copyright holders and/or |
653 |
|
other parties provide the program ``as is'' without warranty of any |
654 |
|
kind, either expressed or implied, including, but not limited to, the |
655 |
|
implied warranties of merchantability and fitness for a particular |
656 |
|
purpose. The entire risk as to the quality and performance of the |
657 |
|
Program is with you. Should the Program prove defective, you assume |
658 |
|
the cost of all necessary servicing, repair or correction. |
659 |
|
|
660 |
|
\item [12.] In no event unless required by applicable law or agreed to in |
661 |
|
writing will any copyright holder, or any other party who may modify |
662 |
|
and/or redistribute the program as permitted above, be liable to you |
663 |
|
for damages, including any general, special, incidental or |
664 |
|
consequential damages arising out of the use or inability to use the |
665 |
|
program (including but not limited to loss of data or data being |
666 |
|
rendered inaccurate or losses sustained by you or third parties or a |
667 |
|
failure of the Program to operate with any other programs), even if |
668 |
|
such holder or other party has been advised of the possibility of such |
669 |
|
damages. |
670 |
|
|
671 |
|
\end{enumerate} |
672 |
|
|
673 |
|
\begin{center} |
674 |
|
\textbf{END OF TERMS AND CONDITIONS} |
675 |
|
\end{center} |
676 |
|
|
677 |
|
|
678 |
|
\section*{Appendix: How to Apply These Terms to Your New Programs} |
679 |
|
|
680 |
|
If you develop a new program, and you want it to be of the greatest possible |
681 |
|
use to the public, the best way to achieve this is to make it free software |
682 |
|
which everyone can redistribute and change under these terms. |
683 |
|
|
684 |
|
To do so, attach the following notices to the program. It is safest to |
685 |
|
attach them to the start of each source file to most effectively convey the |
686 |
|
exclusion of warranty; and each file should have at least the ``copyright'' |
687 |
|
line and a pointer to where the full notice is found. |
688 |
|
|
689 |
|
\begin{verbatim} |
690 |
|
<one line to give the program's name and a brief idea of what it does.> |
691 |
|
Copyright (C) 19yy <name of author> |
692 |
|
|
693 |
|
This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify |
694 |
|
it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by |
695 |
|
the Free Software Foundation; either version 2 of the License, or |
696 |
|
(at your option) any later version. |
697 |
|
|
698 |
|
This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, |
699 |
|
but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of |
700 |
|
MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the |
701 |
|
GNU General Public License for more details. |
702 |
|
|
703 |
|
You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License |
704 |
|
along with this program; if not, write to the Free Software |
705 |
|
Foundation, Inc., 675 Mass Ave, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA. |
706 |
|
\end{verbatim} |
707 |
|
|
708 |
|
Also add information on how to contact you by electronic and paper mail. |
709 |
|
|
710 |
|
If the program is interactive, make it output a short notice like this when |
711 |
|
it starts in an interactive mode: |
712 |
|
|
713 |
|
\begin{verbatim} |
714 |
|
Gnomovision version 69, Copyright (C) 19yy name of author |
715 |
|
Gnomovision comes with ABSOLUTELY NO WARRANTY; for details type `show w'. |
716 |
|
This is free software, and you are welcome to redistribute it |
717 |
|
under certain conditions; type `show c' for details. |
718 |
|
\end{verbatim} |
719 |
|
|
720 |
|
The hypothetical commands `show w' and `show c' should show the appropriate |
721 |
|
parts of the General Public License. Of course, the commands you use may be |
722 |
|
called something other than `show w' and `show c'; they could even be |
723 |
|
mouse-clicks or menu items--whatever suits your program. |
724 |
|
|
725 |
|
You should also get your employer (if you work as a programmer) or your |
726 |
|
school, if any, to sign a ``copyright disclaimer'' for the program, if |
727 |
|
necessary. Here is a sample; alter the names: |
728 |
|
|
729 |
|
\begin{verbatim} |
730 |
|
Yoyodyne, Inc., hereby disclaims all copyright interest in the program |
731 |
|
`Gnomovision' (which makes passes at compilers) written by James Hacker. |
732 |
|
|
733 |
|
<signature of Ty Coon>, 1 April 1989 |
734 |
|
Ty Coon, President of Vice |
735 |
|
\end{verbatim} |
736 |
|
|
737 |
|
This General Public License does not permit incorporating your program into |
738 |
|
proprietary programs. If your program is a subroutine library, you may |
739 |
|
consider it more useful to permit linking proprietary applications with the |
740 |
|
library. If this is what you want to do, use the GNU Library General Public |
741 |
|
License instead of this License. |
742 |
|
|
743 |
|
|
744 |
|
|
745 |
\chapter{Auteurs en bijdragen} |
\chapter{Auteurs en bijdragen} |
746 |
|
|