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# Line 364  recommend releasing these examples in pa Line 364  recommend releasing these examples in pa
364  free software license, such as the GNU General Public License,  free software license, such as the GNU General Public License,
365  to permit their use in free software.  to permit their use in free software.
366    
367    \chapter{GNU GENERAL PUBLIC LICENSE}
368    \label{ch:gpl}
369    Version 2, June 1991\\
370    
371    \noindent
372     Copyright \copyright\ 1989, 1991 Free Software Foundation, Inc.\\
373         59 Temple Place, Suite 330, Boston, MA  02111-1307  USA
374    
375    \noindent
376     Everyone is permitted to copy and distribute verbatim copies
377     of this license document, but changing it is not allowed.
378    
379    
380    \section*{Preamble}
381    
382    The licenses for most software are designed to take away your freedom to
383    share and change it.  By contrast, the GNU General Public License is intended
384    to guarantee your freedom to share and change free software---to make sure
385    the software is free for all its users.  This General Public License applies
386    to most of the Free Software Foundation's software and to any other program
387    whose authors commit to using it.  (Some other Free Software Foundation
388    software is covered by the GNU Library General Public License instead.)  You
389    can apply it to your programs, too.
390    
391    When we speak of free software, we are referring to freedom, not price.  Our
392    General Public Licenses are designed to make sure that you have the freedom
393    to distribute copies of free software (and charge for this service if you
394    wish), that you receive source code or can get it if you want it, that you
395    can change the software or use pieces of it in new free programs; and that
396    you know you can do these things.
397    
398    To protect your rights, we need to make restrictions that forbid anyone to
399    deny you these rights or to ask you to surrender the rights.  These
400    restrictions translate to certain responsibilities for you if you distribute
401    copies of the software, or if you modify it.
402    
403    For example, if you distribute copies of such a program, whether gratis or
404    for a fee, you must give the recipients all the rights that you have.  You
405    must make sure that they, too, receive or can get the source code.  And you
406    must show them these terms so they know their rights.
407    
408    We protect your rights with two steps: (1) copyright the software, and (2)
409    offer you this license which gives you legal permission to copy, distribute
410    and/or modify the software.
411    
412    Also, for each author's protection and ours, we want to make certain that
413    everyone understands that there is no warranty for this free software.  If
414    the software is modified by someone else and passed on, we want its
415    recipients to know that what they have is not the original, so that any
416    problems introduced by others will not reflect on the original authors'
417    reputations.
418    
419    Finally, any free program is threatened constantly by software patents.  We
420    wish to avoid the danger that redistributors of a free program will
421    individually obtain patent licenses, in effect making the program
422    proprietary.  To prevent this, we have made it clear that any patent must be
423    licensed for everyone's free use or not licensed at all.
424    
425    The precise terms and conditions for copying, distribution and modification
426    follow.
427    
428    
429    \section*{Terms and conditions for copying, distribution and modification}
430    
431    \begin{enumerate}
432    
433    \makeatletter \setcounter{\@listctr}{-1} \makeatother
434    
435    \item [0.] This License applies to any program or other work which contains a
436          notice placed by the copyright holder saying it may be distributed
437          under the terms of this General Public License.  The ``Program'',
438          below, refers to any such program or work, and a ``work based on the
439          Program'' means either the Program or any derivative work under
440          copyright law: that is to say, a work containing the Program or a
441          portion of it, either verbatim or with modifications and/or translated
442          into another language.  (Hereinafter, translation is included without
443          limitation in the term ``modification''.)  Each licensee is addressed
444          as ``you''.
445    
446          Activities other than copying, distribution and modification are not
447          covered by this License; they are outside its scope.  The act of
448          running the Program is not restricted, and the output from the Program
449          is covered only if its contents constitute a work based on the Program
450          (independent of having been made by running the Program).  Whether that
451          is true depends on what the Program does.
452    
453    \item [1.] You may copy and distribute verbatim copies of the Program's
454          source code as you receive it, in any medium, provided that you
455          conspicuously and appropriately publish on each copy an appropriate
456          copyright notice and disclaimer of warranty; keep intact all the
457          notices that refer to this License and to the absence of any warranty;
458          and give any other recipients of the Program a copy of this License
459          along with the Program.
460    
461          You may charge a fee for the physical act of transferring a copy, and
462          you may at your option offer warranty protection in exchange for a fee.
463    
464    \item [2.] You may modify your copy or copies of the Program or any portion
465          of it, thus forming a work based on the Program, and copy and
466          distribute such modifications or work under the terms of Section 1
467          above, provided that you also meet all of these conditions:
468    
469          \begin{enumerate}
470    
471          \item [(a)] You must cause the modified files to carry prominent
472                notices stating that you changed the files and the date of any
473                change.
474    
475          \item [(b)] You must cause any work that you distribute or publish,
476                that in whole or in part contains or is derived from the Program
477                or any part thereof, to be licensed as a whole at no charge to
478                all third parties under the terms of this License.
479    
480          \item [(c)] If the modified program normally reads commands
481                interactively when run, you must cause it, when started running
482                for such interactive use in the most ordinary way, to print or
483                display an announcement including an appropriate copyright notice
484                and a notice that there is no warranty (or else, saying that you
485                provide a warranty) and that users may redistribute the program
486                under these conditions, and telling the user how to view a copy
487                of this License.  (Exception: if the Program itself is
488                interactive but does not normally print such an announcement,
489                your work based on the Program is not required to print an
490                announcement.)
491    
492          \end{enumerate}
493    
494          These requirements apply to the modified work as a whole.  If
495          identifiable sections of that work are not derived from the Program,
496          and can be reasonably considered independent and separate works in
497          themselves, then this License, and its terms, do not apply to those
498          sections when you distribute them as separate works.  But when you
499          distribute the same sections as part of a whole which is a work based
500          on the Program, the distribution of the whole must be on the terms of
501          this License, whose permissions for other licensees extend to the
502          entire whole, and thus to each and every part regardless of who wrote
503          it.
504    
505          Thus, it is not the intent of this section to claim rights or contest
506          your rights to work written entirely by you; rather, the intent is to
507          exercise the right to control the distribution of derivative or
508          collective works based on the Program.
509    
510          In addition, mere aggregation of another work not based on the Program
511          with the Program (or with a work based on the Program) on a volume of a
512          storage or distribution medium does not bring the other work under the
513          scope of this License.
514    
515    \item [3.] You may copy and distribute the Program (or a work based on it,
516          under Section 2) in object code or executable form under the terms of
517          Sections 1 and 2 above provided that you also do one of the following:
518    
519          \begin{enumerate}
520    
521          \item [(a)] Accompany it with the complete corresponding
522                machine-readable source code, which must be distributed under the
523                terms of Sections 1 and 2 above on a medium customarily used for
524                software interchange; or,
525    
526          \item [(b)] Accompany it with a written offer, valid for at least three
527                years, to give any third party, for a charge no more than your
528                cost of physically performing source distribution, a complete
529                machine-readable copy of the corresponding source code, to be
530                distributed under the terms of Sections 1 and 2 above on a medium
531                customarily used for software interchange; or,
532    
533          \item [(c)] Accompany it with the information you received as to the
534                offer to distribute corresponding source code.  (This alternative
535                is allowed only for noncommercial distribution and only if you
536                received the program in object code or executable form with such
537                an offer, in accord with Subsection b above.)
538    
539          \end{enumerate}
540    
541          The source code for a work means the preferred form of the work for
542          making modifications to it.  For an executable work, complete source
543          code means all the source code for all modules it contains, plus any
544          associated interface definition files, plus the scripts used to control
545          compilation and installation of the executable.  However, as a special
546          exception, the source code distributed need not include anything that
547          is normally distributed (in either source or binary form) with the
548          major components (compiler, kernel, and so on) of the operating system
549          on which the executable runs, unless that component itself accompanies
550          the executable.
551    
552          If distribution of executable or object code is made by offering access
553          to copy from a designated place, then offering equivalent access to
554          copy the source code from the same place counts as distribution of the
555          source code, even though third parties are not compelled to copy the
556          source along with the object code.
557    
558    \item [4.] You may not copy, modify, sublicense, or distribute the Program
559          except as expressly provided under this License.  Any attempt otherwise
560          to copy, modify, sublicense or distribute the Program is void, and will
561          automatically terminate your rights under this License.  However,
562          parties who have received copies, or rights, from you under this
563          License will not have their licenses terminated so long as such parties
564          remain in full compliance.
565    
566    \item [5.] You are not required to accept this License, since you have not
567          signed it.  However, nothing else grants you permission to modify or
568          distribute the Program or its derivative works.  These actions are
569          prohibited by law if you do not accept this License.  Therefore, by
570          modifying or distributing the Program (or any work based on the
571          Program), you indicate your acceptance of this License to do so, and
572          all its terms and conditions for copying, distributing or modifying the
573          Program or works based on it.
574    
575    \item [6.] Each time you redistribute the Program (or any work based on the
576          Program), the recipient automatically receives a license from the
577          original licensor to copy, distribute or modify the Program subject to
578          these terms and conditions.  You may not impose any further
579          restrictions on the recipients' exercise of the rights granted herein.
580          You are not responsible for enforcing compliance by third parties to
581          this License.
582    
583    \item [7.] If, as a consequence of a court judgment or allegation of patent
584          infringement or for any other reason (not limited to patent issues),
585          conditions are imposed on you (whether by court order, agreement or
586          otherwise) that contradict the conditions of this License, they do not
587          excuse you from the conditions of this License.  If you cannot
588          distribute so as to satisfy simultaneously your obligations under this
589          License and any other pertinent obligations, then as a consequence you
590          may not distribute the Program at all.  For example, if a patent
591          license would not permit royalty-free redistribution of the Program by
592          all those who receive copies directly or indirectly through you, then
593          the only way you could satisfy both it and this License would be to
594          refrain entirely from distribution of the Program.
595    
596          If any portion of this section is held invalid or unenforceable under
597          any particular circumstance, the balance of the section is intended to
598          apply and the section as a whole is intended to apply in other
599          circumstances.
600    
601          It is not the purpose of this section to induce you to infringe any
602          patents or other property right claims or to contest validity of any
603          such claims; this section has the sole purpose of protecting the
604          integrity of the free software distribution system, which is
605          implemented by public license practices.  Many people have made
606          generous contributions to the wide range of software distributed
607          through that system in reliance on consistent application of that
608          system; it is up to the author/donor to decide if he or she is willing
609          to distribute software through any other system and a licensee cannot
610          impose that choice.
611    
612          This section is intended to make thoroughly clear what is believed to
613          be a consequence of the rest of this License.
614    
615    \item [8.] If the distribution and/or use of the Program is restricted in
616          certain countries either by patents or by copyrighted interfaces, the
617          original copyright holder who places the Program under this License may
618          add an explicit geographical distribution limitation excluding those
619          countries, so that distribution is permitted only in or among countries
620          not thus excluded.  In such case, this License incorporates the
621          limitation as if written in the body of this License.
622    
623    \item [9.] The Free Software Foundation may publish revised and/or new
624          versions of the General Public License from time to time.  Such new
625          versions will be similar in spirit to the present version, but may
626          differ in detail to address new problems or concerns.
627    
628          Each version is given a distinguishing version number.  If the Program
629          specifies a version number of this License which applies to it and
630          ``any later version'', you have the option of following the terms and
631          conditions either of that version or of any later version published by
632          the Free Software Foundation.  If the Program does not specify a
633          version number of this License, you may choose any version ever
634          published by the Free Software Foundation.
635    
636    \item [10.] If you wish to incorporate parts of the Program into other free
637          programs whose distribution conditions are different, write to the
638          author to ask for permission.  For software which is copyrighted by the
639          Free Software Foundation, write to the Free Software Foundation; we
640          sometimes make exceptions for this.  Our decision will be guided by the
641          two goals of preserving the free status of all derivatives of our free
642          software and of promoting the sharing and reuse of software generally.
643    
644    \begin{center}
645    NO WARRANTY
646    \end{center}
647    
648    \bfseries
649    
650    \item [11.] Because the Program is licensed free of charge, there is no
651          warranty for the Program, to the extent permitted by applicable law.
652          except when otherwise stated in writing the copyright holders and/or
653          other parties provide the program ``as is'' without warranty of any
654          kind, either expressed or implied, including, but not limited to, the
655          implied warranties of merchantability and fitness for a particular
656          purpose.  The entire risk as to the quality and performance of the
657          Program is with you.  Should the Program prove defective, you assume
658          the cost of all necessary servicing, repair or correction.
659    
660    \item [12.] In no event unless required by applicable law or agreed to in
661          writing will any copyright holder, or any other party who may modify
662          and/or redistribute the program as permitted above, be liable to you
663          for damages, including any general, special, incidental or
664          consequential damages arising out of the use or inability to use the
665          program (including but not limited to loss of data or data being
666          rendered inaccurate or losses sustained by you or third parties or a
667          failure of the Program to operate with any other programs), even if
668          such holder or other party has been advised of the possibility of such
669          damages.
670    
671    \end{enumerate}
672    
673    \begin{center}
674    \textbf{END OF TERMS AND CONDITIONS}
675    \end{center}
676    
677    
678    \section*{Appendix: How to Apply These Terms to Your New Programs}
679    
680    If you develop a new program, and you want it to be of the greatest possible
681    use to the public, the best way to achieve this is to make it free software
682    which everyone can redistribute and change under these terms.
683    
684    To do so, attach the following notices to the program.  It is safest to
685    attach them to the start of each source file to most effectively convey the
686    exclusion of warranty; and each file should have at least the ``copyright''
687    line and a pointer to where the full notice is found.
688    
689    \begin{verbatim}
690    <one line to give the program's name and a brief idea of what it does.>
691    Copyright (C) 19yy  <name of author>
692    
693    This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
694    it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
695    the Free Software Foundation; either version 2 of the License, or
696    (at your option) any later version.
697    
698    This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
699    but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
700    MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
701    GNU General Public License for more details.
702    
703    You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
704    along with this program; if not, write to the Free Software
705    Foundation, Inc., 675 Mass Ave, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA.
706    \end{verbatim}
707    
708    Also add information on how to contact you by electronic and paper mail.
709    
710    If the program is interactive, make it output a short notice like this when
711    it starts in an interactive mode:
712    
713    \begin{verbatim}
714    Gnomovision version 69, Copyright (C) 19yy name of author
715    Gnomovision comes with ABSOLUTELY NO WARRANTY; for details type `show w'.
716    This is free software, and you are welcome to redistribute it
717    under certain conditions; type `show c' for details.
718    \end{verbatim}
719    
720    The hypothetical commands `show w' and `show c' should show the appropriate
721    parts of the General Public License.  Of course, the commands you use may be
722    called something other than `show w' and `show c'; they could even be
723    mouse-clicks or menu items--whatever suits your program.
724    
725    You should also get your employer (if you work as a programmer) or your
726    school, if any, to sign a ``copyright disclaimer'' for the program, if
727    necessary.  Here is a sample; alter the names:
728    
729    \begin{verbatim}
730    Yoyodyne, Inc., hereby disclaims all copyright interest in the program
731    `Gnomovision' (which makes passes at compilers) written by James Hacker.
732    
733    <signature of Ty Coon>, 1 April 1989
734    Ty Coon, President of Vice
735    \end{verbatim}
736    
737    This General Public License does not permit incorporating your program into
738    proprietary programs.  If your program is a subroutine library, you may
739    consider it more useful to permit linking proprietary applications with the
740    library.  If this is what you want to do, use the GNU Library General Public
741    License instead of this License.
742    
743    
744    
745  \chapter{Auteurs en bijdragen}  \chapter{Auteurs en bijdragen}
746    

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