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revision 1.29 by eliz, Thu May 16 03:38:36 2002 UTC revision 1.29.2.1 by miles, Fri Apr 4 06:20:49 2003 UTC
# Line 1  Line 1 
1  @c This is part of the Emacs manual.  @c This is part of the Emacs manual.
2  @c Copyright (C) 1985,86,87,93,94,95,97,2000,2001  @c Copyright (C) 1985,86,87,93,94,95,97,2000,2001, 2002
3  @c   Free Software Foundation, Inc.  @c   Free Software Foundation, Inc.
4  @c See file emacs.texi for copying conditions.  @c See file emacs.texi for copying conditions.
5  @node Text, Programs, Indentation, Top  @node Text, Programs, Indentation, Top
# Line 50  Then the formatting appears on the scree Line 50  Then the formatting appears on the scree
50  @xref{Formatted Text}.  @xref{Formatted Text}.
51  @end iftex  @end iftex
52    
53    @cindex skeletons
54    @cindex templates
55    @cindex autotyping
56    @cindex automatic typing
57    The ``automatic typing'' features may be useful when writing text.    The ``automatic typing'' features may be useful when writing text.
58  @xref{Top,, Autotyping, autotype, Features for Automatic Typing}.  @xref{Top,, Autotyping, autotype, Features for Automatic Typing}.
59    
# Line 63  Then the formatting appears on the scree Line 67  Then the formatting appears on the scree
67  * Text Mode::           The major modes for editing text files.  * Text Mode::           The major modes for editing text files.
68  * Outline Mode::        Editing outlines.  * Outline Mode::        Editing outlines.
69  * TeX Mode::            Editing input to the formatter TeX.  * TeX Mode::            Editing input to the formatter TeX.
70    * HTML Mode::           Editing HTML, SGML, and XML files.
71  * Nroff Mode::          Editing input to the formatter nroff.  * Nroff Mode::          Editing input to the formatter nroff.
72  * Formatted Text::      Editing formatted text directly in WYSIWYG fashion.  * Formatted Text::      Editing formatted text directly in WYSIWYG fashion.
73  @end menu  @end menu
# Line 527  see @ref{Format Justification}. Line 532  see @ref{Format Justification}.
532  @findex center-line  @findex center-line
533    The command @kbd{M-s} (@code{center-line}) centers the current line    The command @kbd{M-s} (@code{center-line}) centers the current line
534  within the current fill column.  With an argument @var{n}, it centers  within the current fill column.  With an argument @var{n}, it centers
535  @var{n} lines individually and moves past them.  @var{n} lines individually and moves past them.  This binding is
536    made by Text mode and is available only in that and related modes
537    (@pxref{Text Mode}).
538    
539  @vindex fill-column  @vindex fill-column
540  @kindex C-x f  @kindex C-x f
# Line 563  example, a sentence in Thai text ends wi Line 570  example, a sentence in Thai text ends wi
570  period.  Set the variable @code{sentence-end-without-period} to  period.  Set the variable @code{sentence-end-without-period} to
571  @code{t} to tell the sentence commands that a period is not necessary.  @code{t} to tell the sentence commands that a period is not necessary.
572    
573    @vindex fill-nobreak-predicate
574      The variable @code{fill-nobreak-predicate} specifies additional
575    conditions for where line-breaking is allowed.  Its value is either
576    @code{nil} or a Lisp function; the function is called with no
577    arguments, and if it returns a non-@code{nil} value, then point is not
578    a good place to break the line.  The standard functions you can use
579    @code{fill-single-word-nobreak-p} (don't break after the first word of
580    a sentence or before the last) and @code{fill-french-nobreak-p} (don't
581    break after @samp{(} or before @samp{)}, @samp{:} or @samp{?}).
582    
583  @node Fill Prefix  @node Fill Prefix
584  @subsection The Fill Prefix  @subsection The Fill Prefix
585    
# Line 903  the hook @code{outline-mode-hook} (@pxre Line 920  the hook @code{outline-mode-hook} (@pxre
920  @menu  @menu
921  * Format: Outline Format.          What the text of an outline looks like.  * Format: Outline Format.          What the text of an outline looks like.
922  * Motion: Outline Motion.          Special commands for moving through  * Motion: Outline Motion.          Special commands for moving through
923                                       outlines.                                       outlines.
924  * Visibility: Outline Visibility.  Commands to control what is visible.  * Visibility: Outline Visibility.  Commands to control what is visible.
925  * Views: Outline Views.            Outlines and multiple views.  * Views: Outline Views.            Outlines and multiple views.
926  * Foldout::                        Folding editing.  * Foldout::                        Folding editing.
# Line 1045  Make the body of this heading line, and Line 1062  Make the body of this heading line, and
1062  invisible (@code{hide-leaves}).  invisible (@code{hide-leaves}).
1063  @item C-c C-k  @item C-c C-k
1064  Make all subheadings of this heading line, at all levels, visible  Make all subheadings of this heading line, at all levels, visible
1065  (@code{show-branches}).  (@code{show-branches}).
1066  @item C-c C-i  @item C-c C-i
1067  Make immediate subheadings (one level down) of this heading line  Make immediate subheadings (one level down) of this heading line
1068  visible (@code{show-children}).  visible (@code{show-children}).
# Line 1127  leading up from there to top level in th Line 1144  leading up from there to top level in th
1144  setting @code{selective-display-ellipses} to @code{nil}.  Then there is  setting @code{selective-display-ellipses} to @code{nil}.  Then there is
1145  no visible indication of the presence of invisible lines.  no visible indication of the presence of invisible lines.
1146    
1147    @findex reveal-mode
1148    When incremental search finds text that is hidden by Outline mode,    When incremental search finds text that is hidden by Outline mode,
1149  it makes that part of the buffer visible.  If you exit the search  it makes that part of the buffer visible.  If you exit the search
1150  at that position, the text remains visible.  at that position, the text remains visible.  You can also
1151    automatically make text visible as you navigate in it by using
1152    @kbd{M-x reveal-mode}.
1153    
1154  @node Outline Views  @node Outline Views
1155  @subsection Viewing One Outline in Multiple Views  @subsection Viewing One Outline in Multiple Views
# Line 1255  automatically by putting this in your @f Line 1275  automatically by putting this in your @f
1275  (eval-after-load "outline" '(require 'foldout))  (eval-after-load "outline" '(require 'foldout))
1276  @end example  @end example
1277    
1278  @node TeX Mode, Nroff Mode, Outline Mode, Text  @node TeX Mode
1279  @section @TeX{} Mode  @section @TeX{} Mode
1280  @cindex @TeX{} mode  @cindex @TeX{} mode
1281  @cindex La@TeX{} mode  @cindex La@TeX{} mode
# Line 1558  in that file's directory.  Before runnin Line 1578  in that file's directory.  Before runnin
1578  modified buffers.  Generally, you need to use (@code{tex-file}) twice to  modified buffers.  Generally, you need to use (@code{tex-file}) twice to
1579  get the cross-references right.  get the cross-references right.
1580    
1581  @vindex tex-start-options-string  @vindex tex-start-options
1582    The value of the variable @code{tex-start-options-string} specifies    The value of the variable @code{tex-start-options} specifies
1583  options for the @TeX{} run.  The default value causes @TeX{} to run in  options for the @TeX{} run.
1584  nonstop mode.  To run @TeX{} interactively, set the variable to @code{""}.  
1585    @vindex tex-start-commands
1586      The value of the variable @code{tex-start-commands} specifies @TeX{}
1587    commands for starting @TeX{}.  The default value causes @TeX{} to run
1588    in nonstop mode.  To run @TeX{} interactively, set the variable to
1589    @code{""}.
1590    
1591  @vindex tex-main-file  @vindex tex-main-file
1592    Large @TeX{} documents are often split into several files---one main    Large @TeX{} documents are often split into several files---one main
# Line 1624  can be used with @kbd{M-x format-find-fi Line 1649  can be used with @kbd{M-x format-find-fi
1649  @findex tildify-region  @findex tildify-region
1650  @cindex ties, @TeX{}, inserting  @cindex ties, @TeX{}, inserting
1651  @cindex hard spaces, @TeX{}, inserting  @cindex hard spaces, @TeX{}, inserting
 @cindex SGML  
 @cindex HTML  
1652    The commands @kbd{M-x tildify-buffer} and @kbd{M-x tildify-region}    The commands @kbd{M-x tildify-buffer} and @kbd{M-x tildify-region}
1653  insert @samp{~} (@dfn{tie}) characters where they are conventionally  insert @samp{~} (@dfn{tie}) characters where they are conventionally
1654  required.  This is set up for Czech---customize the group  required.  This is set up for Czech---customize the group
# Line 1638  required.  This is set up for Czech---cu Line 1661  required.  This is set up for Czech---cu
1661    For managing all kinds of references for La@TeX{}, you can use    For managing all kinds of references for La@TeX{}, you can use
1662  Ref@TeX{}.  @xref{Top, , RefTeX, reftex}.  Ref@TeX{}.  @xref{Top, , RefTeX, reftex}.
1663    
1664    @node HTML Mode
1665    @section SGML, XML, and HTML Modes
1666    
1667      The major modes for SGML and HTML include indentation support and
1668    commands to operate on tags.  This section describes the special
1669    commands of these modes.  (HTML mode is a slightly customized variant
1670    of SGML mode.)
1671    
1672    @table @kbd
1673    @item C-c C-n
1674    @kindex C-c C-n @r{(SGML mode)}
1675    @findex sgml-name-char
1676    Interactively specify a special character and insert the SGML
1677    @samp{&}-command for that character.
1678    
1679    @item C-c C-t
1680    @kindex C-c C-t @r{(SGML mode)}
1681    @findex sgml-tag
1682    Interactively specify a tag and its attributes (@code{sgml-tag}).
1683    This command asks you for a tag name and for the attribute values,
1684    then inserts both the opening tag and the closing tag, leaving point
1685    between them.
1686    
1687    With a prefix argument @var{n}, the command puts the tag around the
1688    @var{n} words already present in the buffer after point.  With
1689    @minus{}1 as argument, it puts the tag around the region.  (In
1690    Transient Mark mode, it does this whenever a region is active.)
1691    
1692    @item C-c C-a
1693    @kindex C-c C-a @r{(SGML mode)}
1694    @findex sgml-attributes
1695    Interactively insert attribute values for the current tag
1696    (@code{sgml-attributes}).
1697    
1698    @item C-c C-f
1699    @kindex C-c C-f @r{(SGML mode)}
1700    @findex sgml-skip-tag-forward
1701    Skip across a balanced tag group (which extends from an opening tag
1702    through its corresponding closing tag) (@code{sgml-skip-tag-forward}).
1703    A numeric argument acts as a repeat count.
1704    
1705    @item C-c C-b
1706    @kindex C-c C-b @r{(SGML mode)}
1707    @findex sgml-skip-tag-backward
1708    Skip backward across a balanced tag group (which extends from an
1709    opening tag through its corresponding closing tag)
1710    (@code{sgml-skip-tag-forward}).  A numeric argument acts as a repeat
1711    count.
1712    
1713    @item C-c C-d
1714    @kindex C-c C-d @r{(SGML mode)}
1715    @findex sgml-delete-tag
1716    Delete the tag at or after point, and delete the matching tag too
1717    (@code{sgml-delete-tag}).  If the tag at or after point is an opening
1718    tag, delete the closing tag too; if it is a closing tag, delete the
1719    opening tag too.
1720    
1721    @item C-c ? @var{tag} @key{RET}
1722    @kindex C-c ? @r{(SGML mode)}
1723    @findex sgml-tag-help
1724    Display a description of the meaning of tag @var{tag}
1725    (@code{sgml-tag-help}).  If the argument @var{tag} is empty, describe
1726    the tag at point.
1727    
1728    @item C-c /
1729    @kindex C-c / @r{(SGML mode)}
1730    @findex sgml-close-tag
1731    Insert a close tag for the innermost unterminated tag
1732    (@code{sgml-close-tag}).  If called from within a tag or a comment,
1733    close this element instead of inserting a close tag.
1734    
1735    @item C-c 8
1736    @kindex C-c 8 @r{(SGML mode)}
1737    @findex sgml-name-8bit-mode
1738    Toggle a minor mode in which Latin-1 characters insert the
1739    corresponding SGML commands that stand for them, instead of the
1740    characters themselves (@code{sgml-name-8bit-mode}).
1741    
1742    @item C-c C-v
1743    @kindex C-c C-v @r{(SGML mode)}
1744    @findex sgml-validate
1745    Run a shell command (which you must specify) to validate the current
1746    buffer as SGML (@code{sgml-validate}).
1747    
1748    @item C-x TAB
1749    @kindex C-c TAB @r{(SGML mode)}
1750    @findex sgml-tags-invisible
1751    Toggle the visibility of existing tags in the buffer.  This can be
1752    used as a cheap preview.
1753    @end table
1754    
1755    @vindex sgml-xml-mode
1756      SGML mode and HTML mode support XML also.  In XML, every opening tag
1757    must have an explicit closing tag.  When @code{sgml-xml-mode} is
1758    non-@code{nil}, SGML mode (and HTML mode) always insert explicit
1759    closing tags.  When you visit a file, these modes determine from the
1760    file contents whether it is XML or not, and set @code{sgml-xml-mode}
1761    accordingly, so that they do the right thing for the file in either
1762    case.
1763    
1764  @node Nroff Mode  @node Nroff Mode
1765  @section Nroff Mode  @section Nroff Mode
1766    
# Line 1726  contains a list of ideas for future enha Line 1849  contains a list of ideas for future enha
1849  * Color: Format Colors.         Changing the color of text.  * Color: Format Colors.         Changing the color of text.
1850  * Indent: Format Indentation.   Changing the left and right margins.  * Indent: Format Indentation.   Changing the left and right margins.
1851  * Justification: Format Justification.  * Justification: Format Justification.
1852                                  Centering, setting text flush with the                                  Centering, setting text flush with the
1853                                    left or right margin, etc.                                    left or right margin, etc.
1854  * Other: Format Properties.     The "special" text properties submenu.  * Other: Format Properties.     The "special" text properties submenu.
1855  * Forcing Enriched Mode::       How to force use of Enriched mode.  * Forcing Enriched Mode::       How to force use of Enriched mode.
# Line 1735  contains a list of ideas for future enha Line 1858  contains a list of ideas for future enha
1858  @node Requesting Formatted Text  @node Requesting Formatted Text
1859  @subsection Requesting to Edit Formatted Text  @subsection Requesting to Edit Formatted Text
1860    
1861    Whenever you visit a file that Emacs saved in the text/enriched format,    Whenever you visit a file that Emacs saved in the text/enriched
1862  Emacs automatically converts the formatting information in the file into  format, Emacs automatically converts the formatting information in the
1863  Emacs's own internal format (text properties), and turns on Enriched  file into Emacs's own internal format (known as @dfn{text
1864  mode.  properties}), and turns on Enriched mode.
1865    
1866  @findex enriched-mode  @findex enriched-mode
1867    To create a new file of formatted text, first visit the nonexistent    To create a new file of formatted text, first visit the nonexistent
# Line 1775  annotations to have names starting with Line 1898  annotations to have names starting with
1898  @samp{x-read-only}.  This ensures that they will not conflict with  @samp{x-read-only}.  This ensures that they will not conflict with
1899  standard annotations that may be added later.  standard annotations that may be added later.
1900    
1901      @xref{Text Properties,,, elisp, the Emacs Lisp Reference Manual},
1902    for more information about text properties.
1903    
1904  @node Hard and Soft Newlines  @node Hard and Soft Newlines
1905  @subsection Hard and Soft Newlines  @subsection Hard and Soft Newlines
1906  @cindex hard newline  @cindex hard newline
# Line 2022  Prefix}. Line 2148  Prefix}.
2148    
2149  @node Format Justification  @node Format Justification
2150  @subsection Justification in Formatted Text  @subsection Justification in Formatted Text
2151                
2152    When editing formatted text, you can specify various styles of    When editing formatted text, you can specify various styles of
2153  justification for a paragraph.  The style you specify automatically  justification for a paragraph.  The style you specify automatically
2154  affects the Emacs fill commands.  affects the Emacs fill commands.
# Line 2094  region. Line 2220  region.
2220    The default justification style is specified by the variable    The default justification style is specified by the variable
2221  @code{default-justification}.  Its value should be one of the symbols  @code{default-justification}.  Its value should be one of the symbols
2222  @code{left}, @code{right}, @code{full}, @code{center}, or @code{none}.  @code{left}, @code{right}, @code{full}, @code{center}, or @code{none}.
2223            
2224  @node Format Properties  @node Format Properties
2225  @subsection Setting Other Text Properties  @subsection Setting Other Text Properties
2226    
# Line 2134  When you @emph{insert} a file into a buf Line 2260  When you @emph{insert} a file into a buf
2260  Emacs does the necessary conversions on the text which you insert, but  Emacs does the necessary conversions on the text which you insert, but
2261  it does not enable Enriched mode.  If you wish to do that, type @kbd{M-x  it does not enable Enriched mode.  If you wish to do that, type @kbd{M-x
2262  enriched-mode}.  enriched-mode}.
2263  @end itemize  @end itemize
2264    
2265    The command @code{format-decode-buffer} translates text in various    The command @code{format-decode-buffer} translates text in various
2266  formats into Emacs's internal format.  It asks you to specify the format  formats into Emacs's internal format.  It asks you to specify the format

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