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revision 1.66 by miles, Mon Sep 1 15:45:46 2003 UTC revision 1.67 by eliz, Sun Nov 2 07:01:12 2003 UTC
# Line 49  all the related activities: Line 49  all the related activities:
49    
50  @itemize @bullet  @itemize @bullet
51  @item  @item
52  You can visit files with non-ASCII characters, save non-ASCII text, and  You can visit files with non-@acronym{ASCII} characters, save non-@acronym{ASCII} text, and
53  pass non-ASCII text between Emacs and programs it invokes (such as  pass non-@acronym{ASCII} text between Emacs and programs it invokes (such as
54  compilers, spell-checkers, and mailers).  Setting your language  compilers, spell-checkers, and mailers).  Setting your language
55  environment (@pxref{Language Environments}) takes care of setting up the  environment (@pxref{Language Environments}) takes care of setting up the
56  coding systems and other options for a specific language or culture.  coding systems and other options for a specific language or culture.
# Line 58  Alternatively, you can specify how Emacs Line 58  Alternatively, you can specify how Emacs
58  for each command; see @ref{Specify Coding}.  for each command; see @ref{Specify Coding}.
59    
60  @item  @item
61  You can display non-ASCII characters encoded by the various scripts.  You can display non-@acronym{ASCII} characters encoded by the various scripts.
62  This works by using appropriate fonts on X and similar graphics  This works by using appropriate fonts on X and similar graphics
63  displays (@pxref{Defining Fontsets}), and by sending special codes to  displays (@pxref{Defining Fontsets}), and by sending special codes to
64  text-only displays (@pxref{Specify Coding}).  If some characters are  text-only displays (@pxref{Specify Coding}).  If some characters are
# Line 66  displayed incorrectly, refer to @ref{Und Line 66  displayed incorrectly, refer to @ref{Und
66  describes possible problems and explains how to solve them.  describes possible problems and explains how to solve them.
67    
68  @item  @item
69  You can insert non-ASCII characters or search for them.  To do that,  You can insert non-@acronym{ASCII} characters or search for them.  To do that,
70  you can specify an input method (@pxref{Select Input Method}) suitable  you can specify an input method (@pxref{Select Input Method}) suitable
71  for your language, or use the default input method set up when you set  for your language, or use the default input method set up when you set
72  your language environment.  (Emacs input methods are part of the Leim  your language environment.  (Emacs input methods are part of the Leim
73  package, which must be installed for you to be able to use them.)  If  package, which must be installed for you to be able to use them.)  If
74  your keyboard can produce non-ASCII characters, you can select an  your keyboard can produce non-@acronym{ASCII} characters, you can select an
75  appropriate keyboard coding system (@pxref{Specify Coding}), and Emacs  appropriate keyboard coding system (@pxref{Specify Coding}), and Emacs
76  will accept those characters.  Latin-1 characters can also be input by  will accept those characters.  Latin-1 characters can also be input by
77  using the @kbd{C-x 8} prefix, see @ref{Single-Byte Character Support,  using the @kbd{C-x 8} prefix, see @ref{Single-Byte Character Support,
# Line 110  correctly; see @ref{Language Environment Line 110  correctly; see @ref{Language Environment
110  many more-or-less standard coding systems for storing files.  Emacs  many more-or-less standard coding systems for storing files.  Emacs
111  internally uses a single multibyte character encoding, so that it can  internally uses a single multibyte character encoding, so that it can
112  intermix characters from all these scripts in a single buffer or string.  intermix characters from all these scripts in a single buffer or string.
113  This encoding represents each non-ASCII character as a sequence of bytes  This encoding represents each non-@acronym{ASCII} character as a sequence of bytes
114  in the range 0200 through 0377.  Emacs translates between the multibyte  in the range 0200 through 0377.  Emacs translates between the multibyte
115  character encoding and various other coding systems when reading and  character encoding and various other coding systems when reading and
116  writing files, when exchanging data with subprocesses, and (in some  writing files, when exchanging data with subprocesses, and (in some
# Line 187  in that buffer. Line 187  in that buffer.
187  @cindex Lisp files, and multibyte operation  @cindex Lisp files, and multibyte operation
188  @cindex multibyte operation, and Lisp files  @cindex multibyte operation, and Lisp files
189  @cindex unibyte operation, and Lisp files  @cindex unibyte operation, and Lisp files
190  @cindex init file, and non-ASCII characters  @cindex init file, and non-@acronym{ASCII} characters
191  @cindex environment variables, and non-ASCII characters  @cindex environment variables, and non-@acronym{ASCII} characters
192    With @samp{--unibyte}, multibyte strings are not created during    With @samp{--unibyte}, multibyte strings are not created during
193  initialization from the values of environment variables,  initialization from the values of environment variables,
194  @file{/etc/passwd} entries etc.@: that contain non-ASCII 8-bit  @file{/etc/passwd} entries etc.@: that contain non-@acronym{ASCII} 8-bit
195  characters.  characters.
196    
197    Emacs normally loads Lisp files as multibyte, regardless of whether    Emacs normally loads Lisp files as multibyte, regardless of whether
# Line 282  and selects the corresponding language e Line 282  and selects the corresponding language e
282  (The former variable overrides the latter.)  It also adjusts the display  (The former variable overrides the latter.)  It also adjusts the display
283  table and terminal coding system, the locale coding system, the  table and terminal coding system, the locale coding system, the
284  preferred coding system as needed for the locale, and---last but not  preferred coding system as needed for the locale, and---last but not
285  least---the way Emacs decodes non-ASCII characters sent by your keyboard.  least---the way Emacs decodes non-@acronym{ASCII} characters sent by your keyboard.
286    
287    If you modify the @env{LC_ALL}, @env{LC_CTYPE}, or @env{LANG}    If you modify the @env{LC_ALL}, @env{LC_CTYPE}, or @env{LANG}
288  environment variables while running Emacs, you may want to invoke the  environment variables while running Emacs, you may want to invoke the
# Line 346  has its own input method; sometimes seve Line 346  has its own input method; sometimes seve
346  characters can share one input method.  A few languages support several  characters can share one input method.  A few languages support several
347  input methods.  input methods.
348    
349    The simplest kind of input method works by mapping ASCII letters    The simplest kind of input method works by mapping @acronym{ASCII} letters
350  into another alphabet; this allows you to use one other alphabet  into another alphabet; this allows you to use one other alphabet
351  instead of ASCII.  The Greek and Russian input methods  instead of @acronym{ASCII}.  The Greek and Russian input methods
352  work this way.  work this way.
353    
354    A more powerful technique is composition: converting sequences of    A more powerful technique is composition: converting sequences of
355  characters into one letter.  Many European input methods use composition  characters into one letter.  Many European input methods use composition
356  to produce a single non-ASCII letter from a sequence that consists of a  to produce a single non-@acronym{ASCII} letter from a sequence that consists of a
357  letter followed by accent characters (or vice versa).  For example, some  letter followed by accent characters (or vice versa).  For example, some
358  methods convert the sequence @kbd{a'} into a single accented letter.  methods convert the sequence @kbd{a'} into a single accented letter.
359  These input methods have no special commands of their own; all they do  These input methods have no special commands of their own; all they do
# Line 480  language environment that it is meant to Line 480  language environment that it is meant to
480    
481  @findex toggle-input-method  @findex toggle-input-method
482  @kindex C-\  @kindex C-\
483    Input methods use various sequences of ASCII characters to stand for    Input methods use various sequences of @acronym{ASCII} characters to stand for
484  non-ASCII characters.  Sometimes it is useful to turn off the input  non-@acronym{ASCII} characters.  Sometimes it is useful to turn off the input
485  method temporarily.  To do this, type @kbd{C-\}  method temporarily.  To do this, type @kbd{C-\}
486  (@code{toggle-input-method}).  To reenable the input method, type  (@code{toggle-input-method}).  To reenable the input method, type
487  @kbd{C-\} again.  @kbd{C-\} again.
# Line 534  list-input-methods}.  The list gives inf Line 534  list-input-methods}.  The list gives inf
534  method, including the string that stands for it in the mode line.  method, including the string that stands for it in the mode line.
535    
536  @node Multibyte Conversion  @node Multibyte Conversion
537  @section Unibyte and Multibyte Non-ASCII characters  @section Unibyte and Multibyte Non-@acronym{ASCII} characters
538    
539    When multibyte characters are enabled, character codes 0240 (octal)    When multibyte characters are enabled, character codes 0240 (octal)
540  through 0377 (octal) are not really legitimate in the buffer.  The valid  through 0377 (octal) are not really legitimate in the buffer.  The valid
541  non-ASCII printing characters have codes that start from 0400.  non-@acronym{ASCII} printing characters have codes that start from 0400.
542    
543    If you type a self-inserting character in the range 0240 through    If you type a self-inserting character in the range 0240 through
544  0377, or if you use @kbd{C-q} to insert one, Emacs assumes you  0377, or if you use @kbd{C-q} to insert one, Emacs assumes you
# Line 590  other coding system.  For example, to vi Line 590  other coding system.  For example, to vi
590  850, type @kbd{C-x @key{RET} c cp850 @key{RET} C-x C-f @var{filename}  850, type @kbd{C-x @key{RET} c cp850 @key{RET} C-x C-f @var{filename}
591  @key{RET}}.  @key{RET}}.
592    
593    In addition to converting various representations of non-ASCII    In addition to converting various representations of non-@acronym{ASCII}
594  characters, a coding system can perform end-of-line conversion.  Emacs  characters, a coding system can perform end-of-line conversion.  Emacs
595  handles three different conventions for how to separate lines in a file:  handles three different conventions for how to separate lines in a file:
596  newline, carriage-return linefeed, and just carriage-return.  newline, carriage-return linefeed, and just carriage-return.
# Line 661  variants @code{iso-latin-1-unix}, @code{ Line 661  variants @code{iso-latin-1-unix}, @code{
661  @code{iso-latin-1-mac}.  @code{iso-latin-1-mac}.
662    
663    The coding system @code{raw-text} is good for a file which is mainly    The coding system @code{raw-text} is good for a file which is mainly
664  ASCII text, but may contain byte values above 127 which are not meant to  @acronym{ASCII} text, but may contain byte values above 127 which are not meant to
665  encode non-ASCII characters.  With @code{raw-text}, Emacs copies those  encode non-@acronym{ASCII} characters.  With @code{raw-text}, Emacs copies those
666  byte values unchanged, and sets @code{enable-multibyte-characters} to  byte values unchanged, and sets @code{enable-multibyte-characters} to
667  @code{nil} in the current buffer so that they will be interpreted  @code{nil} in the current buffer so that they will be interpreted
668  properly.  @code{raw-text} handles end-of-line conversion in the usual  properly.  @code{raw-text} handles end-of-line conversion in the usual
# Line 670  way, based on the data encountered, and Line 670  way, based on the data encountered, and
670  specify the kind of end-of-line conversion to use.  specify the kind of end-of-line conversion to use.
671    
672    In contrast, the coding system @code{no-conversion} specifies no    In contrast, the coding system @code{no-conversion} specifies no
673  character code conversion at all---none for non-ASCII byte values and  character code conversion at all---none for non-@acronym{ASCII} byte values and
674  none for end of line.  This is useful for reading or writing binary  none for end of line.  This is useful for reading or writing binary
675  files, tar files, and other files that must be examined verbatim.  It,  files, tar files, and other files that must be examined verbatim.  It,
676  too, sets @code{enable-multibyte-characters} to @code{nil}.  too, sets @code{enable-multibyte-characters} to @code{nil}.
# Line 681  the @kbd{M-x find-file-literally} comman Line 681  the @kbd{M-x find-file-literally} comman
681  might convert the file contents before you see them.  @xref{Visiting}.  might convert the file contents before you see them.  @xref{Visiting}.
682    
683    The coding system @code{emacs-mule} means that the file contains    The coding system @code{emacs-mule} means that the file contains
684  non-ASCII characters stored with the internal Emacs encoding.  It  non-@acronym{ASCII} characters stored with the internal Emacs encoding.  It
685  handles end-of-line conversion based on the data encountered, and has  handles end-of-line conversion based on the data encountered, and has
686  the usual three variants to specify the kind of end-of-line conversion.  the usual three variants to specify the kind of end-of-line conversion.
687    
# Line 774  the buffer. Line 774  the buffer.
774    The default value of @code{inhibit-iso-escape-detection} is    The default value of @code{inhibit-iso-escape-detection} is
775  @code{nil}.  We recommend that you not change it permanently, only for  @code{nil}.  We recommend that you not change it permanently, only for
776  one specific operation.  That's because many Emacs Lisp source files  one specific operation.  That's because many Emacs Lisp source files
777  in the Emacs distribution contain non-ASCII characters encoded in the  in the Emacs distribution contain non-@acronym{ASCII} characters encoded in the
778  coding system @code{iso-2022-7bit}, and they won't be  coding system @code{iso-2022-7bit}, and they won't be
779  decoded correctly when you visit those files if you suppress the  decoded correctly when you visit those files if you suppress the
780  escape sequence detection.  escape sequence detection.
# Line 817  of the mode line (@pxref{Mode Line}), or Line 817  of the mode line (@pxref{Mode Line}), or
817  @findex unify-8859-on-decoding-mode  @findex unify-8859-on-decoding-mode
818    The command @code{unify-8859-on-decoding-mode} enables a mode that    The command @code{unify-8859-on-decoding-mode} enables a mode that
819  ``unifies'' the Latin alphabets when decoding text.  This works by  ``unifies'' the Latin alphabets when decoding text.  This works by
820  converting all non-ASCII Latin-@var{n} characters to either Latin-1 or  converting all non-@acronym{ASCII} Latin-@var{n} characters to either Latin-1 or
821  Unicode characters.  This way it is easier to use various  Unicode characters.  This way it is easier to use various
822  Latin-@var{n} alphabets together.  In a future Emacs version we hope  Latin-@var{n} alphabets together.  In a future Emacs version we hope
823  to move towards full Unicode support and complete unification of  to move towards full Unicode support and complete unification of
# Line 837  Coding}). Line 837  Coding}).
837  most coding systems can only handle some of the possible characters.  most coding systems can only handle some of the possible characters.
838  This means that it is possible for you to insert characters that  This means that it is possible for you to insert characters that
839  cannot be encoded with the coding system that will be used to save the  cannot be encoded with the coding system that will be used to save the
840  buffer.  For example, you could start with an ASCII file and insert a  buffer.  For example, you could start with an @acronym{ASCII} file and insert a
841  few Latin-1 characters into it, or you could edit a text file in  few Latin-1 characters into it, or you could edit a text file in
842  Polish encoded in @code{iso-8859-2} and add some Russian words to it.  Polish encoded in @code{iso-8859-2} and add some Russian words to it.
843  When you save the buffer, Emacs cannot use the current value of  When you save the buffer, Emacs cannot use the current value of
# Line 993  your locale specification (@pxref{Langua Line 993  your locale specification (@pxref{Langua
993  or the Custom option @code{keyboard-coding-system}  or the Custom option @code{keyboard-coding-system}
994  specifies the coding system for keyboard input.  Character-code  specifies the coding system for keyboard input.  Character-code
995  translation of keyboard input is useful for terminals with keys that  translation of keyboard input is useful for terminals with keys that
996  send non-ASCII graphic characters---for example, some terminals designed  send non-@acronym{ASCII} graphic characters---for example, some terminals designed
997  for ISO Latin-1 or subsets of it.  for ISO Latin-1 or subsets of it.
998    
999    By default, keyboard input is translated based on your system locale    By default, keyboard input is translated based on your system locale
1000  setting.  If your terminal does not really support the encoding  setting.  If your terminal does not really support the encoding
1001  implied by your locale (for example, if you find it inserts a  implied by your locale (for example, if you find it inserts a
1002  non-ASCII character if you type @kbd{M-i}), you will need to set  non-@acronym{ASCII} character if you type @kbd{M-i}), you will need to set
1003  @code{keyboard-coding-system} to @code{nil} to turn off encoding.  @code{keyboard-coding-system} to @code{nil} to turn off encoding.
1004  You can do this by putting  You can do this by putting
1005    
# Line 1014  in your @file{~/.emacs} file. Line 1014  in your @file{~/.emacs} file.
1014  keyboard input, and using an input method: both define sequences of  keyboard input, and using an input method: both define sequences of
1015  keyboard input that translate into single characters.  However, input  keyboard input that translate into single characters.  However, input
1016  methods are designed to be convenient for interactive use by humans, and  methods are designed to be convenient for interactive use by humans, and
1017  the sequences that are translated are typically sequences of ASCII  the sequences that are translated are typically sequences of @acronym{ASCII}
1018  printing characters.  Coding systems typically translate sequences of  printing characters.  Coding systems typically translate sequences of
1019  non-graphic characters.  non-graphic characters.
1020    
# Line 1043  corresponding buffer. Line 1043  corresponding buffer.
1043  current language environment.  current language environment.
1044    
1045  @vindex file-name-coding-system  @vindex file-name-coding-system
1046  @cindex file names with non-ASCII characters  @cindex file names with non-@acronym{ASCII} characters
1047    The variable @code{file-name-coding-system} specifies a coding system    The variable @code{file-name-coding-system} specifies a coding system
1048  to use for encoding file names.  If you set the variable to a coding  to use for encoding file names.  If you set the variable to a coding
1049  system name (as a Lisp symbol or a string), Emacs encodes file names  system name (as a Lisp symbol or a string), Emacs encodes file names
1050  using that coding system for all file operations.  This makes it  using that coding system for all file operations.  This makes it
1051  possible to use non-ASCII characters in file names---or, at least, those  possible to use non-@acronym{ASCII} characters in file names---or, at least, those
1052  non-ASCII characters which the specified coding system can encode.  non-@acronym{ASCII} characters which the specified coding system can encode.
1053    
1054    If @code{file-name-coding-system} is @code{nil}, Emacs uses a default    If @code{file-name-coding-system} is @code{nil}, Emacs uses a default
1055  coding system determined by the selected language environment.  In the  coding system determined by the selected language environment.  In the
1056  default language environment, any non-ASCII characters in file names are  default language environment, any non-@acronym{ASCII} characters in file names are
1057  not encoded specially; they appear in the file system using the internal  not encoded specially; they appear in the file system using the internal
1058  Emacs representation.  Emacs representation.
1059    
# Line 1067  name, or it may get an error.  If such a Line 1067  name, or it may get an error.  If such a
1067  C-w} to specify a new file name for that buffer.  C-w} to specify a new file name for that buffer.
1068    
1069  @vindex locale-coding-system  @vindex locale-coding-system
1070  @cindex decoding non-ASCII keyboard input on X  @cindex decoding non-@acronym{ASCII} keyboard input on X
1071    The variable @code{locale-coding-system} specifies a coding system    The variable @code{locale-coding-system} specifies a coding system
1072  to use when encoding and decoding system strings such as system error  to use when encoding and decoding system strings such as system error
1073  messages and @code{format-time-string} formats and time stamps.  That  messages and @code{format-time-string} formats and time stamps.  That
1074  coding system is also used for decoding non-ASCII keyboard input on X  coding system is also used for decoding non-@acronym{ASCII} keyboard input on X
1075  Window systems.  You should choose a coding system that is compatible  Window systems.  You should choose a coding system that is compatible
1076  with the underlying system's text representation, which is normally  with the underlying system's text representation, which is normally
1077  specified by one of the environment variables @env{LC_ALL},  specified by one of the environment variables @env{LC_ALL},
# Line 1101  additional font support.} Line 1101  additional font support.}
1101    
1102    Emacs creates two fontsets automatically: the @dfn{standard fontset}    Emacs creates two fontsets automatically: the @dfn{standard fontset}
1103  and the @dfn{startup fontset}.  The standard fontset is most likely to  and the @dfn{startup fontset}.  The standard fontset is most likely to
1104  have fonts for a wide variety of non-ASCII characters; however, this is  have fonts for a wide variety of non-@acronym{ASCII} characters; however, this is
1105  not the default for Emacs to use.  (By default, Emacs tries to find a  not the default for Emacs to use.  (By default, Emacs tries to find a
1106  font that has bold and italic variants.)  You can specify use of the  font that has bold and italic variants.)  You can specify use of the
1107  standard fontset with the @samp{-fn} option, or with the @samp{Font} X  standard fontset with the @samp{-fn} option, or with the @samp{Font} X
# Line 1137  created automatically.  Their names have Line 1137  created automatically.  Their names have
1137  @samp{medium}, or @samp{i} instead of @samp{r}, or both.  @samp{medium}, or @samp{i} instead of @samp{r}, or both.
1138    
1139  @cindex startup fontset  @cindex startup fontset
1140    If you specify a default ASCII font with the @samp{Font} resource or    If you specify a default @acronym{ASCII} font with the @samp{Font} resource or
1141  the @samp{-fn} argument, Emacs generates a fontset from it  the @samp{-fn} argument, Emacs generates a fontset from it
1142  automatically.  This is the @dfn{startup fontset} and its name is  automatically.  This is the @dfn{startup fontset} and its name is
1143  @code{fontset-startup}.  It does this by replacing the @var{foundry},  @code{fontset-startup}.  It does this by replacing the @var{foundry},
# Line 1191  number of times in defining one fontset. Line 1191  number of times in defining one fontset.
1191    
1192    For the other character sets, Emacs chooses a font based on    For the other character sets, Emacs chooses a font based on
1193  @var{fontpattern}.  It replaces @samp{fontset-@var{alias}} with values  @var{fontpattern}.  It replaces @samp{fontset-@var{alias}} with values
1194  that describe the character set.  For the ASCII character font,  that describe the character set.  For the @acronym{ASCII} character font,
1195  @samp{fontset-@var{alias}} is replaced with @samp{ISO8859-1}.  @samp{fontset-@var{alias}} is replaced with @samp{ISO8859-1}.
1196    
1197    In addition, when several consecutive fields are wildcards, Emacs    In addition, when several consecutive fields are wildcards, Emacs
# Line 1208  does. Line 1208  does.
1208  @end example  @end example
1209    
1210  @noindent  @noindent
1211  the font specification for ASCII characters would be this:  the font specification for @acronym{ASCII} characters would be this:
1212    
1213  @example  @example
1214  -*-fixed-medium-r-normal-*-24-*-ISO8859-1  -*-fixed-medium-r-normal-*-24-*-ISO8859-1
# Line 1247  call this function explicitly to create Line 1247  call this function explicitly to create
1247  @node Undisplayable Characters  @node Undisplayable Characters
1248  @section Undisplayable Characters  @section Undisplayable Characters
1249    
1250    There may be a some non-ASCII characters that your terminal cannot    There may be a some non-@acronym{ASCII} characters that your terminal cannot
1251  display.  Most non-windowing terminals support just a single character  display.  Most non-windowing terminals support just a single character
1252  set (use the variable @code{default-terminal-coding-system}  set (use the variable @code{default-terminal-coding-system}
1253  (@pxref{Specify Coding}) to tell Emacs which one); characters which  (@pxref{Specify Coding}) to tell Emacs which one); characters which
# Line 1259  you may not have fonts installed for all Line 1259  you may not have fonts installed for all
1259  no font appear as a hollow box.  no font appear as a hollow box.
1260    
1261    If you use Latin-1 characters but your terminal can't display    If you use Latin-1 characters but your terminal can't display
1262  Latin-1, you can arrange to display mnemonic ASCII sequences  Latin-1, you can arrange to display mnemonic @acronym{ASCII} sequences
1263  instead, e.g.@: @samp{"o} for o-umlaut.  Load the library  instead, e.g.@: @samp{"o} for o-umlaut.  Load the library
1264  @file{iso-ascii} to do this.  @file{iso-ascii} to do this.
1265    
1266  @vindex latin1-display  @vindex latin1-display
1267    If your terminal can display Latin-1, you can display characters    If your terminal can display Latin-1, you can display characters
1268  from other European character sets using a mixture of equivalent  from other European character sets using a mixture of equivalent
1269  Latin-1 characters and ASCII mnemonics.  Use the Custom option  Latin-1 characters and @acronym{ASCII} mnemonics.  Use the Custom option
1270  @code{latin1-display} to enable this.  The mnemonic ASCII  @code{latin1-display} to enable this.  The mnemonic @acronym{ASCII}
1271  sequences mostly correspond to those of the prefix input methods.  sequences mostly correspond to those of the prefix input methods.
1272    
1273  @node Single-Byte Character Support  @node Single-Byte Character Support
# Line 1288  such as @samp{Latin-@var{n}}. Line 1288  such as @samp{Latin-@var{n}}.
1288    
1289    For more information about unibyte operation, see @ref{Enabling    For more information about unibyte operation, see @ref{Enabling
1290  Multibyte}.  Note particularly that you probably want to ensure that  Multibyte}.  Note particularly that you probably want to ensure that
1291  your initialization files are read as unibyte if they contain non-ASCII  your initialization files are read as unibyte if they contain non-@acronym{ASCII}
1292  characters.  characters.
1293    
1294  @vindex unibyte-display-via-language-environment  @vindex unibyte-display-via-language-environment
# Line 1302  to a non-@code{nil} value. Line 1302  to a non-@code{nil} value.
1302    
1303  @cindex @code{iso-ascii} library  @cindex @code{iso-ascii} library
1304    If your terminal does not support display of the Latin-1 character    If your terminal does not support display of the Latin-1 character
1305  set, Emacs can display these characters as ASCII sequences which at  set, Emacs can display these characters as @acronym{ASCII} sequences which at
1306  least give you a clear idea of what the characters are.  To do this,  least give you a clear idea of what the characters are.  To do this,
1307  load the library @code{iso-ascii}.  Similar libraries for other  load the library @code{iso-ascii}.  Similar libraries for other
1308  Latin-@var{n} character sets could be implemented, but we don't have  Latin-@var{n} character sets could be implemented, but we don't have
# Line 1315  inclusive) are displayed as octal escape Line 1315  inclusive) are displayed as octal escape
1315  non-standard ``extended'' versions of ISO-8859 character sets by using the  non-standard ``extended'' versions of ISO-8859 character sets by using the
1316  function @code{standard-display-8bit} in the @code{disp-table} library.  function @code{standard-display-8bit} in the @code{disp-table} library.
1317    
1318    There are several ways you can input single-byte non-ASCII    There are several ways you can input single-byte non-@acronym{ASCII}
1319  characters:  characters:
1320    
1321  @itemize @bullet  @itemize @bullet
1322  @cindex 8-bit input  @cindex 8-bit input
1323  @item  @item
1324  If your keyboard can generate character codes 128 (decimal) and up,  If your keyboard can generate character codes 128 (decimal) and up,
1325  representing non-ASCII characters, you can type those character codes  representing non-@acronym{ASCII} characters, you can type those character codes
1326  directly.  directly.
1327    
1328  On a windowing terminal, you should not need to do anything special to  On a windowing terminal, you should not need to do anything special to
# Line 1339  arrange for Meta to be converted to @kbd Line 1339  arrange for Meta to be converted to @kbd
1339  @item  @item
1340  You can use an input method for the selected language environment.  You can use an input method for the selected language environment.
1341  @xref{Input Methods}.  When you use an input method in a unibyte buffer,  @xref{Input Methods}.  When you use an input method in a unibyte buffer,
1342  the non-ASCII character you specify with it is converted to unibyte.  the non-@acronym{ASCII} character you specify with it is converted to unibyte.
1343    
1344  @kindex C-x 8  @kindex C-x 8
1345  @cindex @code{iso-transl} library  @cindex @code{iso-transl} library
# Line 1348  the non-ASCII character you specify with Line 1348  the non-ASCII character you specify with
1348  @item  @item
1349  For Latin-1 only, you can use the  For Latin-1 only, you can use the
1350  key @kbd{C-x 8} as a ``compose character'' prefix for entry of  key @kbd{C-x 8} as a ``compose character'' prefix for entry of
1351  non-ASCII Latin-1 printing characters.  @kbd{C-x 8} is good for  non-@acronym{ASCII} Latin-1 printing characters.  @kbd{C-x 8} is good for
1352  insertion (in the minibuffer as well as other buffers), for searching,  insertion (in the minibuffer as well as other buffers), for searching,
1353  and in any other context where a key sequence is allowed.  and in any other context where a key sequence is allowed.
1354    
# Line 1380  mode is buffer-local.  It can be customi Line 1380  mode is buffer-local.  It can be customi
1380    Emacs groups all supported characters into disjoint @dfn{charsets}.    Emacs groups all supported characters into disjoint @dfn{charsets}.
1381  Each character code belongs to one and only one charset.  For  Each character code belongs to one and only one charset.  For
1382  historical reasons, Emacs typically divides an 8-bit character code  historical reasons, Emacs typically divides an 8-bit character code
1383  for an extended version of ASCII into two charsets: ASCII, which  for an extended version of @acronym{ASCII} into two charsets: @acronym{ASCII}, which
1384  covers the codes 0 through 127, plus another charset which covers the  covers the codes 0 through 127, plus another charset which covers the
1385  ``right-hand part'' (the codes 128 and up).  For instance, the  ``right-hand part'' (the codes 128 and up).  For instance, the
1386  characters of Latin-1 include the Emacs charset @code{ascii} plus the  characters of Latin-1 include the Emacs charset @code{ascii} plus the

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