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@c 2005 Free Software Foundation, Inc. |
@c 2005 Free Software Foundation, Inc. |
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@c See file emacs.texi for copying conditions. |
@c See file emacs.texi for copying conditions. |
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@node Mac OS, MS-DOS, Antinews, Top |
@node Mac OS, MS-DOS, Antinews, Top |
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@appendix Emacs and the Mac OS |
@appendix Emacs and Mac OS |
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@cindex Mac OS |
@cindex Mac OS |
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@cindex Macintosh |
@cindex Macintosh |
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Emacs built on Mac OS X supports most of its major features: |
This section briefly describes the peculiarities of using Emacs |
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multiple frames, colors, scroll bars, menu bars, use of the mouse, |
under Mac OS with native window system support. For Mac OS X, Emacs |
12 |
fontsets, international characters, input methods, coding systems, |
can be built either without window system support, with X11, or with |
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asynchronous and synchronous subprocesses, unexec (@code{dump-emacs}), |
Carbon API. This section only applies to the Carbon build. For Mac |
14 |
and networking (@code{open-network-stream}). Support for various |
OS Classic, Emacs can be built with or without Carbon API, and this |
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image file formats has not been implemented yet. |
section applies to either of them because they run on the native |
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window system. |
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The following features of Emacs are not yet supported on the Mac OS |
|
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8 or 9: unexec (@code{dump-emacs}), asynchronous subprocesses |
Emacs built on Mac OS X supports most of its major features except |
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(@code{start-process}), and networking (@code{open-network-stream}). |
display support of PostScript images. The following features of Emacs |
20 |
As a result, packages such as Gnus, GUD, and Comint do not work. |
are not supported on Mac OS Classic: unexec (@code{dump-emacs}), |
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However, synchronous subprocesses (@code{call-process}) are supported. |
asynchronous subprocesses (@code{start-process}), and networking |
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Since external programs to handle commands such as @code{print-buffer} |
(@code{open-network-stream}). As a result, packages such as Gnus, |
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and @code{diff} are not available on Mac OS 8 or 9, they are not |
GUD, and Comint do not work. Synchronous subprocesses |
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supported. |
(@code{call-process}) are supported on non-Carbon build, but |
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specially-crafted external programs are needed. Since external |
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Most of the features that are supported work in the same way as on |
programs to handle commands such as @code{print-buffer} and |
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other platforms and are therefore documented in the rest of this |
@code{diff} are not available on Mac OS Classic, they are not |
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manual. This section describes the peculiarities of using Emacs under |
supported. Non-Carbon build on Mac OS Classic does not support some |
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the Mac OS. |
features such as file dialogs, drag-and-drop, and Unicode menus. |
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@menu |
@menu |
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* Input: Mac Input. Keyboard input on the Mac. |
* Input: Mac Input. Keyboard and mouse input on Mac. |
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* Intl: Mac International. International character sets on the Mac. |
* Intl: Mac International. International character sets on Mac. |
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* Env: Mac Environment Variables. Setting environment variables for Emacs. |
* Env: Mac Environment Variables. Setting environment variables for Emacs. |
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* Directories: Mac Directories. Volumes and directories on the Mac. |
* Directories: Mac Directories. Volumes and directories on Mac. |
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* Font: Mac Font Specs. Specifying fonts on the Mac. |
* Font: Mac Font Specs. Specifying fonts on Mac. |
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* Functions: Mac Functions. Mac-specific Lisp functions. |
* Functions: Mac Functions. Mac-specific Lisp functions. |
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@end menu |
@end menu |
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@node Mac Input |
@node Mac Input |
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@section Keyboard Input on the Mac |
@section Keyboard and Mouse Input on Mac |
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@cindex Meta (Mac OS) |
@cindex Meta (Mac OS) |
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@cindex keyboard coding (Mac OS) |
@cindex keyboard coding (Mac OS) |
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@vindex mac-command-key-is-meta |
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@vindex mac-keyboard-text-encoding |
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On the Mac, Emacs can use either the @key{option} key or the |
@vindex mac-command-key-is-meta |
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On Mac, Emacs can use either the @key{option} key or the |
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@key{command} key as the @key{META} key. If the value of the variable |
@key{command} key as the @key{META} key. If the value of the variable |
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@code{mac-command-key-is-meta} is non-@code{nil} (its default value), |
@code{mac-command-key-is-meta} is non-@code{nil} (its default value), |
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Emacs uses the @key{command} key as the @key{META} key. Otherwise it |
Emacs uses the @key{command} key as the @key{META} key. Otherwise it |
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useful for entering non-@acronym{ASCII} Latin characters directly from the Mac |
useful for entering non-@acronym{ASCII} Latin characters directly from the Mac |
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keyboard, for example. |
keyboard, for example. |
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Emacs recognizes the setting in the Keyboard control panel and |
Emacs recognizes the setting in the Keyboard control panel (Mac OS |
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supports international and alternative keyboard layouts (e.g., Dvorak). |
Classic) or the International system preference pane (Mac OS X) and |
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Selecting one of the layouts from the keyboard layout pull-down menu |
supports international and alternative keyboard layouts (e.g., Dvorak) |
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will affect how the keys typed on the keyboard are interpreted. |
if its script is either Roman, Japanese, Traditional Chinese, Korean, |
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Cyrillic, Simplified Chinese, or Central European. Keyboard layouts |
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The Mac OS intercepts and handles certain key combinations (e.g., |
based on Unicode may not work properly. Selecting one of the layouts |
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from the keyboard layout pull-down menu will affect how the keys typed |
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on the keyboard are interpreted. |
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@vindex mac-pass-command-to-system |
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@vindex mac-pass-control-to-system |
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Mac OS intercepts and handles certain key combinations (e.g., |
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@key{command}-@key{SPC} for switching input languages). These will not |
@key{command}-@key{SPC} for switching input languages). These will not |
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be passed to Emacs. |
be passed to Emacs. One can disable this interception by setting |
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@code{mac-pass-command-to-system} or @code{mac-pass-control-to-system} |
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The Mac keyboard ordinarily generates characters in the Mac Roman |
to @code{nil}. |
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encoding. To use it for entering ISO Latin-1 characters directly, set |
|
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the value of the variable @code{mac-keyboard-text-encoding} to |
@vindex mac-emulate-three-button-mouse |
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@code{kTextEncodingISOLatin1}. Note that not all Mac Roman characters |
Especially for one-button mice, the multiple button feature can be |
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that can be entered at the keyboard can be converted to ISO Latin-1 |
emulated by setting @code{mac-emulate-three-button-mouse} to @code{t} |
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characters. |
or @code{reverse}. If set to @code{t} (@code{reverse}, respectively), |
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pressing the mouse button with the @key{option} key is recognized as |
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To enter ISO Latin-2 characters directly from the Mac keyboard, set |
the second (third) button, and that with the @key{command} key is |
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the value of @code{mac-keyboard-text-encoding} to |
recognized as the third (second) button. |
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@code{kTextEncodingISOLatin2}. Then let Emacs know that the keyboard |
|
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generates Latin-2 codes, by typing @kbd{C-x @key{RET} k iso-latin-2 |
@vindex mac-wheel-button-is-mouse-2 |
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@key{RET}}. To make this setting permanent, put this in your |
For multi-button mice, the wheel button and the secondary button are |
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@file{.emacs} init file: |
recognized as the second and the third button, respectively. If |
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@code{mac-wheel-button-is-mouse-2} is set to @code{nil}, their roles |
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@lisp |
are exchanged. |
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(set-keyboard-coding-system 'iso-latin-2) |
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@end lisp |
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@node Mac International |
@node Mac International |
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@section International Character Set Support on the Mac |
@section International Character Set Support on Mac |
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@cindex Mac Roman coding system |
@cindex Mac Roman coding system |
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@cindex clipboard support (Mac OS) |
@cindex clipboard support (Mac OS) |
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The Mac uses a non-standard encoding for the upper 128 single-byte |
Mac uses non-standard encodings for the upper 128 single-byte |
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characters. It also deviates from the ISO 2022 standard by using |
characters. They also deviate from the ISO 2022 standard by using |
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character codes in the range 128-159. The coding system |
character codes in the range 128-159. The coding systems |
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@code{mac-roman} is used to represent this Mac encoding. It is used |
@code{mac-roman}, @code{mac-centraleurroman}, and @code{mac-cyrillic} |
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for editing files stored in this native encoding, and for displaying |
are used to represent these Mac encodings. |
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file names in Dired mode. |
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Any native (non-symbol) Mac font can be used to correctly display |
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characters in the @code{mac-roman} coding system. |
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The fontset @code{fontset-mac} is created automatically when Emacs |
The fontset @code{fontset-mac} is created automatically when Emacs |
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is run on the Mac. It displays characters in the @code{mac-roman} |
is run on Mac, and used by default. It displays as many kinds of |
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coding system using 12-point Monaco. |
characters as possible using 12-point Monaco as a base font. If you |
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see some character as a hollow box with this fontset, then it's almost |
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To insert characters directly in the @code{mac-roman} coding system, |
impossible to display it only by customizing font settings (@pxref{Mac |
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type @kbd{C-x @key{RET} k mac-roman @key{RET}}, customize the variable |
Font Specs}). |
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@code{keyboard-coding-system}, or put this in your init file: |
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@lisp |
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(set-keyboard-coding-system 'mac-roman) |
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@end lisp |
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@noindent |
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This is useful for editing documents in native Mac encoding. |
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You can use input methods provided either by LEIM (@pxref{Input |
You can use input methods provided either by LEIM (@pxref{Input |
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Methods}) or the Mac OS to enter international characters. |
Methods}) or Mac OS to enter international characters. To use the |
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former, see the International Character Set Support section of the |
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To use the former, see the International Character Set Support section |
manual (@pxref{International}). |
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of the manual (@pxref{International}). |
|
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Emacs on Mac OS automatically changes the value of |
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To use input methods provided by the Mac OS, set the keyboard coding |
@code{keyboard-coding-system} according to the current keyboard |
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system accordingly using the @kbd{C-x @key{RET} k} command |
layout. So users don't need to set it manually, and even if set, it |
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(@code{set-keyboard-coding-system}). For example, for Traditional |
will be changed when the keyboard layout change is detected next time. |
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Chinese, use @samp{chinese-big5} as keyboard coding system; for |
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Japanese, use @samp{sjis}, etc. Then select the desired input method in |
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the keyboard layout pull-down menu. |
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The Mac clipboard and the Emacs kill ring (@pxref{Killing}) are |
The Mac clipboard and the Emacs kill ring (@pxref{Killing}) are |
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connected as follows: the most recent kill is copied to the clipboard |
synchronized by default: you can yank a piece of text and paste it |
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when Emacs is suspended and the contents of the clipboard is inserted |
into another Mac application, or cut or copy one in another Mac |
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into the kill ring when Emacs resumes. The result is that you can yank |
application and yank it into a Emacs buffer. This feature can be |
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a piece of text and paste it into another Mac application, or cut or copy |
disabled by setting @code{x-select-enable-clipboard} to @code{nil}. |
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one in another Mac application and yank it into a Emacs buffer. |
One can still do copy and paste with another application from the Edit |
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menu. |
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The encoding of text selections must be specified using the commands |
|
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@kbd{C-x @key{RET} x} (@code{set-selection-coding-system}) or @kbd{C-x |
On Mac, the role of the coding system for selection that is set by |
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@key{RET} X} (@code{set-next-selection-coding-system}) (e.g., for |
@code{set-selection-coding-system} (@pxref{Specify Coding}) is |
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Traditional Chinese, use @samp{chinese-big5-mac} and for Japanese, |
two-fold. First, it is used as a preferred coding system for the |
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@samp{sjis-mac}). @xref{Specify Coding}, for more details. |
traditional text flavor that does not specify any particular encodings |
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and is mainly used by applications on Mac OS Classic. Second, it |
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specifies the intermediate encoding for the UTF-16 text flavor that is |
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mainly used by applications on Mac OS X. |
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When pasting UTF-16 text data from the clipboard, it is first |
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converted to the encoding specified by the selection coding system |
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using the converter in the Mac OS system, and then decoded into the |
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Emacs internal encoding using the converter in Emacs. If the first |
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conversion failed, then the UTF-16 data is directly converted to Emacs |
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internal encoding using the converter in Emacs. Copying UTF-16 text |
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to the clipboard goes through the inverse path. The reason for this |
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two-path decoding is to avoid subtle differences in Unicode mappings |
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between the Mac OS system and Emacs such as various kinds of hyphens, |
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and to minimize users' customization. For example, users that mainly |
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use Latin characters would prefer Greek characters to be decoded into |
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the @code{mule-unicode-0100-24ff} charset, but Japanese users would |
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prefer them to be decoded into the @code{japanese-jisx0208} charset. |
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Since the coding system for selection is automatically set according |
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to the system locale setting, users usually don't have to set it |
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manually. |
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The default language environment (@pxref{Language Environments}) is |
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set according to the locale setting at the startup time. On Mac OS, |
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the locale setting is consulted in the following order: |
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@enumerate |
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@item |
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Environment variables @env{LC_ALL}, @env{LC_CTYPE} and @env{LANG} as |
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in other systems. |
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@item |
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Preference @code{AppleLocale} that is set by default on Mac OS X 10.3 |
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and later. |
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@item |
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Preference @code{AppleLanguages} that is set by default on Mac OS X |
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10.1 and later. |
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@item |
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Variable @code{mac-system-locale} that is derived from the system |
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language and region codes. This variable is available on all |
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supported Mac OS versions including Mac OS Classic. |
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@end enumerate |
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The default values of almost all variables about coding systems are |
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also set according to the language environment. So usually you don't |
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have to customize these variables manually. |
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@node Mac Environment Variables |
@node Mac Environment Variables |
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@section Environment Variables and Command Line Arguments. |
@section Environment Variables and Command Line Arguments. |
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On Mac OS X, when Emacs is run in a terminal, it inherits the values |
On Mac OS X, when Emacs is run in a terminal, it inherits the values |
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of environment variables from the shell from which it is invoked. |
of environment variables from the shell from which it is invoked. |
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However, when it is run from the Finder as a GUI application, it |
However, when it is run from the Finder as a GUI application, it only |
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inherits no environment variable values. |
inherits environment variable values defined in the file |
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@file{~/.MacOSX/environment.plist} that affects all the applications |
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invoked from the Finder or the @command{open} command. |
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Command line arguments are specified like |
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@example |
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/Applications/Emacs.app/Contents/MacOS/Emacs -geometry 80x25 & |
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@end example |
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On Mac OS 8 or 9, environment variables and command line arguments |
@noindent |
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if Emacs is installed at @file{/Applications/Emacs.app}. If Emacs is |
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invoked like this, then it also inherits the values of environment |
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variables from the shell from which it is invoked. |
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On Mac OS Classic, environment variables and command line arguments |
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for Emacs can be set by modifying the @samp{STR#} resources 128 and |
for Emacs can be set by modifying the @samp{STR#} resources 128 and |
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129, respectively. A common environment variable that one may want to |
129, respectively. A common environment variable that one may want to |
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set is @samp{HOME}. |
set is @samp{HOME}. |
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EMACS_UNIBYTE=1 |
EMACS_UNIBYTE=1 |
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@end example |
@end example |
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@cindex Mac Preferences |
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Although Emacs on Mac does not support X resources (@pxref{X |
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Resources}) directly, one can use the Preferences system in place of X |
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resources. For example, adding the line |
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@example |
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Emacs.cursorType: bar |
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@end example |
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@noindent |
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to @file{~/.Xresources} in X11 corresponds to the execution of |
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@example |
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defaults write org.gnu.Emacs Emacs.cursorType bar |
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@end example |
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@noindent |
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on Mac OS X. One can use boolean or numeric values as well as string |
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values as follows: |
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@example |
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defaults write org.gnu.Emacs Emacs.toolBar -bool false |
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defaults write org.gnu.Emacs Emacs.lineSpacing -int 3 |
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@end example |
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@noindent |
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Try @kbd{M-x man RET defaults RET} for the usage of the |
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@command{defaults} command. Alternatively, if you have Developer |
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Tools installed on Mac OS X, you can use Property List Editor to edit |
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the file @file{~/Library/Preferences/org.gnu.Emacs.plist}. |
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@node Mac Directories |
@node Mac Directories |
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@section Volumes and Directories on the Mac |
@section Volumes and Directories on Mac |
253 |
@cindex file names (Mac OS) |
@cindex file names (Mac OS) |
254 |
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255 |
The directory structure in the Mac OS is seen by Emacs as |
This node applies to Mac OS Classic only. |
256 |
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The directory structure in Mac OS Classic is seen by Emacs as |
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259 |
@example |
@example |
260 |
/@var{volumename}/@var{filename} |
/@var{volumename}/@var{filename} |
264 |
@file{/} will display all volumes on the system. You can use @file{..} |
@file{/} will display all volumes on the system. You can use @file{..} |
265 |
to go up a directory level. |
to go up a directory level. |
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|
267 |
On Mac OS 8 or 9, to access files and folders on the desktop, look |
On Mac OS Classic, to access files and folders on the desktop, look |
268 |
in the folder @file{Desktop Folder} in your boot volume (this folder |
in the folder @file{Desktop Folder} in your boot volume (this folder |
269 |
is usually invisible in the Mac @code{Finder}). |
is usually invisible in the Mac @code{Finder}). |
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|
271 |
On Mac OS 8 or 9, Emacs creates the Mac folder |
On Mac OS Classic, Emacs creates the Mac folder |
272 |
@file{:Preferences:Emacs:} in the @file{System Folder} and uses it as |
@file{:Preferences:Emacs:} in the @file{System Folder} and uses it as |
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the temporary directory. Emacs maps the directory name @file{/tmp/} |
the temporary directory. Emacs maps the directory name @file{/tmp/} |
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to that. Therefore it is best to avoid naming a volume @file{tmp}. |
to that. Therefore it is best to avoid naming a volume @file{tmp}. |
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280 |
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281 |
@node Mac Font Specs |
@node Mac Font Specs |
282 |
@section Specifying Fonts on the Mac |
@section Specifying Fonts on Mac |
283 |
@cindex font names (Mac OS) |
@cindex font names (Mac OS) |
284 |
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|
285 |
It is rare that you need to specify a font name in Emacs; usually |
It is rare that you need to specify a font name in Emacs; usually |
286 |
you specify face attributes instead. But when you do need to specify |
you specify face attributes instead. But when you do need to specify |
287 |
a font name in Emacs on the Mac, use a standard X font name: |
a font name in Emacs on Mac, use a standard X font name: |
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|
289 |
@smallexample |
@smallexample |
290 |
-@var{maker}-@var{family}-@var{weight}-@var{slant}-@var{widthtype}-@var{style}@dots{} |
-@var{maker}-@var{family}-@var{weight}-@var{slant}-@var{widthtype}-@var{style}@dots{} |
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297 |
Native Apple fonts in Mac Roman encoding has maker name @code{apple} |
Native Apple fonts in Mac Roman encoding has maker name @code{apple} |
298 |
and charset @code{mac-roman}. For example 12-point Monaco can be |
and charset @code{mac-roman}. For example 12-point Monaco can be |
299 |
specified by the name @samp{-apple-monaco-*-12-*-mac-roman}. |
specified by the name @samp{-apple-monaco-*-12-*-mac-roman}. When |
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using a particular size of scalable fonts, it must be specified in a |
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format containing 14 @samp{-}s like |
302 |
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@samp{-apple-monaco-medium-r-normal--13-*-*-*-*-*-mac-roman}. |
303 |
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|
304 |
Native Apple Traditional Chinese, Simplified Chinese, Japanese, and |
You can specify a @code{mac-roman} font for @acronym{ASCII} |
305 |
Korean fonts have charsets @samp{big5-0}, @samp{gb2312.1980-0}, |
characters like |
306 |
@samp{jisx0208.1983-sjis}, and @samp{ksc5601.1989-0}, respectively. |
|
307 |
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@lisp |
308 |
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(add-to-list |
309 |
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'default-frame-alist |
310 |
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'(font . "-apple-monaco-medium-r-normal--13-*-*-*-*-*-mac-roman")) |
311 |
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@end lisp |
312 |
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|
313 |
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@noindent |
314 |
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but that does not extend to ISO-8859-1: specifying a @code{mac-roman} |
315 |
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font for Latin-1 characters introduces wrong glyphs. |
316 |
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317 |
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Native Apple Traditional Chinese, Simplified Chinese, Japanese, |
318 |
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Korean, Central European, Cyrillic, Symbol, and Dingbats fonts have |
319 |
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charsets @samp{big5-0}, @samp{gb2312.1980-0}, |
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@samp{jisx0208.1983-sjis} and @samp{jisx0201.1976-0}, |
321 |
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@samp{ksc5601.1989-0}, @samp{mac-centraleurroman}, |
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@samp{mac-cyrillic}, @samp{mac-symbol}, and @samp{mac-dingbats}, |
323 |
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respectively. |
324 |
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|
Since Emacs as of the current version uses QuickDraw Text routines |
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for drawing texts, only characters in the charsets listed above can be |
327 |
|
displayed with the OS-bundled fonts, even if other applications that |
328 |
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use @acronym{ATSUI} or Cocoa can display variety of characters with |
329 |
|
them. |
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|
|
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The use of @code{create-fontset-from-fontset-spec} (@pxref{Defining |
332 |
|
Fontsets}) for defining fontsets often results in wrong ones |
333 |
|
especially when using only OS-bundled fonts. The recommended way is |
334 |
|
to create a fontset using @code{create-fontset-from-mac-roman-font}: |
335 |
|
|
336 |
|
@lisp |
337 |
|
(create-fontset-from-mac-roman-font |
338 |
|
"-apple-courier-medium-r-normal--13-*-*-*-*-*-mac-roman" |
339 |
|
nil "foo") |
340 |
|
@end lisp |
341 |
|
|
342 |
|
@noindent |
343 |
|
and then optionally specifying Chinese, Japanese, or Korean font |
344 |
|
families using @code{set-fontset-font}: |
345 |
|
|
346 |
|
@lisp |
347 |
|
(set-fontset-font "fontset-foo" |
348 |
|
'chinese-gb2312 '("song" . "gb2312.1980-0")) |
349 |
|
@end lisp |
350 |
|
|
351 |
Single-byte fonts converted from GNU fonts in BDF format, which are not |
Single-byte fonts converted from GNU fonts in BDF format, which are not |
352 |
in the Mac Roman encoding, have foundry, family, and character sets |
in the Mac Roman encoding, have foundry, family, and character sets |
354 |
@samp{ETL-Fixed-ISO8859-1} contains fonts which can be referred to by |
@samp{ETL-Fixed-ISO8859-1} contains fonts which can be referred to by |
355 |
the name @samp{-ETL-fixed-*-iso8859-1}. |
the name @samp{-ETL-fixed-*-iso8859-1}. |
356 |
|
|
357 |
|
@vindex mac-allow-anti-aliasing |
358 |
|
Emacs uses the QuickDraw text rendering by default. On Mac OS X |
359 |
|
10.2 and later, it can be changed so that it uses the Quartz 2D text |
360 |
|
rendering (aka CG text rendering) by setting |
361 |
|
@code{mac-allow-anti-aliasing} to @code{t}. However, it is reported |
362 |
|
to sometimes leave some garbages. |
363 |
|
|
364 |
@node Mac Functions |
@node Mac Functions |
365 |
@section Mac-Specific Lisp Functions |
@section Mac-Specific Lisp Functions |
378 |
are useful for constructing AppleScript commands to be passed to |
are useful for constructing AppleScript commands to be passed to |
379 |
@code{do-applescript}. |
@code{do-applescript}. |
380 |
|
|
381 |
|
@findex mac-set-file-creator |
382 |
|
@findex mac-get-file-creator |
383 |
|
@findex mac-set-file-type |
384 |
|
@findex mac-get-file-type |
385 |
|
The functions @code{mac-set-file-creator}, |
386 |
|
@code{mac-get-file-creator}, @code{mac-set-file-type}, and |
387 |
|
@code{mac-get-file-type} can be used to set and get creator and file |
388 |
|
codes. |
389 |
|
|
390 |
|
@findex mac-get-preference |
391 |
|
The function @code{mac-get-preference} returns the preferences value |
392 |
|
converted to a Lisp object for a specified key and application. |
393 |
|
|
394 |
@ignore |
@ignore |
395 |
arch-tag: a822c2ab-4273-4997-927e-c153bb71dcf6 |
arch-tag: a822c2ab-4273-4997-927e-c153bb71dcf6 |
396 |
@end ignore |
@end ignore |