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revision 1.8 by lute, Mon Jul 4 15:20:49 2005 UTC revision 1.9 by rfrancoise, Fri Sep 16 22:11:02 2005 UTC
# Line 1  Line 1 
1  @c -*-texinfo-*-  @c -*-texinfo-*-
2  @node GNU Free Documentation License, Emacs Invocation, Copying, Top  @node GNU Free Documentation License, Emacs Invocation, Copying, Top
3  @appendix GNU Free Documentation License  @appendix GNU Free Documentation License
4  @center Version 1.1, March 2000  @center Version 1.2, November 2002
5    
6  @display  @display
7  Copyright (C) 2000  Free Software Foundation, Inc.  Copyright (C) 2000,2001,2002  Free Software Foundation, Inc.
8  51 Franklin Street, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA  02110-1301  USA  51 Franklin Street, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA  02110-1301  USA
9    
10  Everyone is permitted to copy and distribute verbatim copies  Everyone is permitted to copy and distribute verbatim copies
# Line 16  of this license document, but changing i Line 16  of this license document, but changing i
16  PREAMBLE  PREAMBLE
17    
18  The purpose of this License is to make a manual, textbook, or other  The purpose of this License is to make a manual, textbook, or other
19  written document ``free'' in the sense of freedom: to assure everyone  functional and useful document ``free'' in the sense of freedom: to
20  the effective freedom to copy and redistribute it, with or without  assure everyone the effective freedom to copy and redistribute it,
21  modifying it, either commercially or noncommercially.  Secondarily,  with or without modifying it, either commercially or noncommercially.
22  this License preserves for the author and publisher a way to get  Secondarily, this License preserves for the author and publisher a way
23  credit for their work, while not being considered responsible for  to get credit for their work, while not being considered responsible
24  modifications made by others.  for modifications made by others.
25    
26  This License is a kind of ``copyleft'', which means that derivative  This License is a kind of ``copyleft'', which means that derivative
27  works of the document must themselves be free in the same sense.  It  works of the document must themselves be free in the same sense.  It
# Line 40  principally for works whose purpose is i Line 40  principally for works whose purpose is i
40  @item  @item
41  APPLICABILITY AND DEFINITIONS  APPLICABILITY AND DEFINITIONS
42    
43  This License applies to any manual or other work that contains a  This License applies to any manual or other work, in any medium, that
44  notice placed by the copyright holder saying it can be distributed  contains a notice placed by the copyright holder saying it can be
45  under the terms of this License.  The ``Document'', below, refers to any  distributed under the terms of this License.  Such a notice grants a
46  such manual or work.  Any member of the public is a licensee, and is  world-wide, royalty-free license, unlimited in duration, to use that
47  addressed as ``you.''  work under the conditions stated herein.  The ``Document'', below,
48    refers to any such manual or work.  Any member of the public is a
49    licensee, and is addressed as ``you''.  You accept the license if you
50    copy, modify or distribute the work in a way requiring permission
51    under copyright law.
52    
53  A ``Modified Version'' of the Document means any work containing the  A ``Modified Version'' of the Document means any work containing the
54  Document or a portion of it, either copied verbatim, or with  Document or a portion of it, either copied verbatim, or with
# Line 54  A ``Secondary Section'' is a named appen Line 58  A ``Secondary Section'' is a named appen
58  the Document that deals exclusively with the relationship of the  the Document that deals exclusively with the relationship of the
59  publishers or authors of the Document to the Document's overall subject  publishers or authors of the Document to the Document's overall subject
60  (or to related matters) and contains nothing that could fall directly  (or to related matters) and contains nothing that could fall directly
61  within that overall subject.  (For example, if the Document is in part a  within that overall subject.  (Thus, if the Document is in part a
62  textbook of mathematics, a Secondary Section may not explain any  textbook of mathematics, a Secondary Section may not explain any
63  mathematics.)  The relationship could be a matter of historical  mathematics.)  The relationship could be a matter of historical
64  connection with the subject or with related matters, or of legal,  connection with the subject or with related matters, or of legal,
# Line 63  them. Line 67  them.
67    
68  The ``Invariant Sections'' are certain Secondary Sections whose titles  The ``Invariant Sections'' are certain Secondary Sections whose titles
69  are designated, as being those of Invariant Sections, in the notice  are designated, as being those of Invariant Sections, in the notice
70  that says that the Document is released under this License.  that says that the Document is released under this License.  If a
71    section does not fit the above definition of Secondary then it is not
72    allowed to be designated as Invariant.  The Document may contain zero
73    Invariant Sections.  If the Document does not identify any Invariant
74    Sections then there are none.
75    
76  The ``Cover Texts'' are certain short passages of text that are listed,  The ``Cover Texts'' are certain short passages of text that are listed,
77  as Front-Cover Texts or Back-Cover Texts, in the notice that says that  as Front-Cover Texts or Back-Cover Texts, in the notice that says that
78  the Document is released under this License.  the Document is released under this License.  A Front-Cover Text may
79    be at most 5 words, and a Back-Cover Text may be at most 25 words.
80    
81  A ``Transparent'' copy of the Document means a machine-readable copy,  A ``Transparent'' copy of the Document means a machine-readable copy,
82  represented in a format whose specification is available to the  represented in a format whose specification is available to the
83  general public, whose contents can be viewed and edited directly and  general public, that is suitable for revising the document
84  straightforwardly with generic text editors or (for images composed of  straightforwardly with generic text editors or (for images composed of
85  pixels) generic paint programs or (for drawings) some widely available  pixels) generic paint programs or (for drawings) some widely available
86  drawing editor, and that is suitable for input to text formatters or  drawing editor, and that is suitable for input to text formatters or
87  for automatic translation to a variety of formats suitable for input  for automatic translation to a variety of formats suitable for input
88  to text formatters.  A copy made in an otherwise Transparent file  to text formatters.  A copy made in an otherwise Transparent file
89  format whose markup has been designed to thwart or discourage  format whose markup, or absence of markup, has been arranged to thwart
90  subsequent modification by readers is not Transparent.  A copy that is  or discourage subsequent modification by readers is not Transparent.
91  not ``Transparent'' is called ``Opaque.''  An image format is not Transparent if used for any substantial amount
92    of text.  A copy that is not ``Transparent'' is called ``Opaque.''
93    
94    
95  Examples of suitable formats for Transparent copies include plain  Examples of suitable formats for Transparent copies include plain
96  ASCII without markup, Texinfo input format, LaTeX input format, SGML  ASCII without markup, Texinfo input format, LaTeX input format, SGML
97  or XML using a publicly available DTD, and standard-conforming simple  or XML using a publicly available DTD, and standard-conforming simple
98  HTML designed for human modification.  Opaque formats include  HTML, PostScript or PDF designed for human modification.  Examples of
99  PostScript, PDF, proprietary formats that can be read and edited only  transparent image formats include PNG, XCF and JPG.  Opaque formats
100  by proprietary word processors, SGML or XML for which the DTD and/or  include proprietary formats that can be read and edited only by
101    proprietary word processors, SGML or XML for which the DTD and/or
102  processing tools are not generally available, and the  processing tools are not generally available, and the
103  machine-generated HTML produced by some word processors for output  machine-generated HTML, PostScript or PDF produced by some word
104  purposes only.  processors for output purposes only.
105    
106  The ``Title Page'' means, for a printed book, the title page itself,  The ``Title Page'' means, for a printed book, the title page itself,
107  plus such following pages as are needed to hold, legibly, the material  plus such following pages as are needed to hold, legibly, the material
# Line 97  this License requires to appear in the t Line 109  this License requires to appear in the t
109  formats which do not have any title page as such, ``Title Page'' means  formats which do not have any title page as such, ``Title Page'' means
110  the text near the most prominent appearance of the work's title,  the text near the most prominent appearance of the work's title,
111  preceding the beginning of the body of the text.  preceding the beginning of the body of the text.
112    
113    A section ``Entitled XYZ'' means a named subunit of the Document whose
114    title either is precisely XYZ or contains XYZ in parentheses following
115    text that translates XYZ in another language.  (Here XYZ stands for a
116    specific section name mentioned below, such as ``Acknowledgements'',
117    ``Dedications'', ``Endorsements'', or ``History''.)  To ``Preserve the Title''
118    of such a section when you modify the Document means that it remains a
119    section ``Entitled XYZ'' according to this definition.
120    
121    The Document may include Warranty Disclaimers next to the notice which
122    states that this License applies to the Document.  These Warranty
123    Disclaimers are considered to be included by reference in this
124    License, but only as regards disclaiming warranties: any other
125    implication that these Warranty Disclaimers may have is void and has
126    no effect on the meaning of this License.
127  @sp 1  @sp 1
128  @item  @item
129  VERBATIM COPYING  VERBATIM COPYING
# Line 117  you may publicly display copies. Line 144  you may publicly display copies.
144  @item  @item
145  COPYING IN QUANTITY  COPYING IN QUANTITY
146    
147  If you publish printed copies of the Document numbering more than 100,  If you publish printed copies (or copies in media that commonly have
148  and the Document's license notice requires Cover Texts, you must enclose  printed covers) of the Document, numbering more than 100, and the
149  the copies in covers that carry, clearly and legibly, all these Cover  Document's license notice requires Cover Texts, you must enclose the
150    copies in covers that carry, clearly and legibly, all these Cover
151  Texts: Front-Cover Texts on the front cover, and Back-Cover Texts on  Texts: Front-Cover Texts on the front cover, and Back-Cover Texts on
152  the back cover.  Both covers must also clearly and legibly identify  the back cover.  Both covers must also clearly and legibly identify
153  you as the publisher of these copies.  The front cover must present  you as the publisher of these copies.  The front cover must present
# Line 137  pages. Line 165  pages.
165  If you publish or distribute Opaque copies of the Document numbering  If you publish or distribute Opaque copies of the Document numbering
166  more than 100, you must either include a machine-readable Transparent  more than 100, you must either include a machine-readable Transparent
167  copy along with each Opaque copy, or state in or with each Opaque copy  copy along with each Opaque copy, or state in or with each Opaque copy
168  a publicly-accessible computer-network location containing a complete  a computer-network location from which the general network-using
169  Transparent copy of the Document, free of added material, which the  public has access to download using public-standard network protocols
170  general network-using public has access to download anonymously at no  a complete Transparent copy of the Document, free of added material.
171  charge using public-standard network protocols.  If you use the latter  If you use the latter option, you must take reasonably prudent steps,
172  option, you must take reasonably prudent steps, when you begin  when you begin distribution of Opaque copies in quantity, to ensure
173  distribution of Opaque copies in quantity, to ensure that this  that this Transparent copy will remain thus accessible at the stated
174  Transparent copy will remain thus accessible at the stated location  location until at least one year after the last time you distribute an
175  until at least one year after the last time you distribute an Opaque  Opaque copy (directly or through your agents or retailers) of that
176  copy (directly or through your agents or retailers) of that edition to  edition to the public.
 the public.  
177    
178  It is requested, but not required, that you contact the authors of the  It is requested, but not required, that you contact the authors of the
179  Document well before redistributing any large number of copies, to give  Document well before redistributing any large number of copies, to give
# Line 170  A. Use in the Title Page (and on the cov Line 197  A. Use in the Title Page (and on the cov
197  B. List on the Title Page, as authors, one or more persons or entities  B. List on the Title Page, as authors, one or more persons or entities
198     responsible for authorship of the modifications in the Modified     responsible for authorship of the modifications in the Modified
199     Version, together with at least five of the principal authors of the     Version, together with at least five of the principal authors of the
200     Document (all of its principal authors, if it has less than five).@*     Document (all of its principal authors, if it has fewer than five),
201       unless they release you from this requirement.@*
202  C. State on the Title page the name of the publisher of the  C. State on the Title page the name of the publisher of the
203     Modified Version, as the publisher.@*     Modified Version, as the publisher.@*
204  D. Preserve all the copyright notices of the Document.@*  D. Preserve all the copyright notices of the Document.@*
# Line 182  F. Include, immediately after the copyri Line 210  F. Include, immediately after the copyri
210  G. Preserve in that license notice the full lists of Invariant Sections  G. Preserve in that license notice the full lists of Invariant Sections
211     and required Cover Texts given in the Document's license notice.@*     and required Cover Texts given in the Document's license notice.@*
212  H. Include an unaltered copy of this License.@*  H. Include an unaltered copy of this License.@*
213  I. Preserve the section entitled ``History'', and its title, and add to  I. Preserve the section Entitled ``History'', Preserve its Title, and add
214     it an item stating at least the title, year, new authors, and     to it an item stating at least the title, year, new authors, and
215     publisher of the Modified Version as given on the Title Page.  If     publisher of the Modified Version as given on the Title Page.  If
216     there is no section entitled ``History'' in the Document, create one     there is no section Entitled ``History'' in the Document, create one
217     stating the title, year, authors, and publisher of the Document as     stating the title, year, authors, and publisher of the Document as
218     given on its Title Page, then add an item describing the Modified     given on its Title Page, then add an item describing the Modified
219     Version as stated in the previous sentence.@*     Version as stated in the previous sentence.@*
# Line 196  J. Preserve the network location, if any Line 224  J. Preserve the network location, if any
224     You may omit a network location for a work that was published at     You may omit a network location for a work that was published at
225     least four years before the Document itself, or if the original     least four years before the Document itself, or if the original
226     publisher of the version it refers to gives permission.@*     publisher of the version it refers to gives permission.@*
227  K. In any section entitled ``Acknowledgements'' or ``Dedications'',  K. For any section Entitled ``Acknowledgements'' or ``Dedications'',
228     preserve the section's title, and preserve in the section all the     Preserve the Title of the section, and preserve in the section all
229     substance and tone of each of the contributor acknowledgements     the substance and tone of each of the contributor acknowledgements
230     and/or dedications given therein.@*     and/or dedications given therein.@*
231  L. Preserve all the Invariant Sections of the Document,  L. Preserve all the Invariant Sections of the Document,
232     unaltered in their text and in their titles.  Section numbers     unaltered in their text and in their titles.  Section numbers
233     or the equivalent are not considered part of the section titles.@*     or the equivalent are not considered part of the section titles.@*
234  M. Delete any section entitled ``Endorsements.''  Such a section  M. Delete any section Entitled ``Endorsements.''  Such a section
235     may not be included in the Modified Version.@*     may not be included in the Modified Version.@*
236  N. Do not retitle any existing section as ``Endorsements''  N. Do not retitle any existing section to be Entitled ``Endorsements''
237     or to conflict in title with any Invariant Section.@*     or to conflict in title with any Invariant Section.@*
238    O. Preserve any Warranty Disclaimers.@*
239  @sp 1  @sp 1
240  If the Modified Version includes new front-matter sections or  If the Modified Version includes new front-matter sections or
241  appendices that qualify as Secondary Sections and contain no material  appendices that qualify as Secondary Sections and contain no material
# Line 215  of these sections as invariant.  To do t Line 244  of these sections as invariant.  To do t
244  list of Invariant Sections in the Modified Version's license notice.  list of Invariant Sections in the Modified Version's license notice.
245  These titles must be distinct from any other section titles.  These titles must be distinct from any other section titles.
246    
247  You may add a section entitled ``Endorsements'', provided it contains  You may add a section Entitled ``Endorsements'', provided it contains
248  nothing but endorsements of your Modified Version by various  nothing but endorsements of your Modified Version by various
249  parties--for example, statements of peer review or that the text has  parties--for example, statements of peer review or that the text has
250  been approved by an organization as the authoritative definition of a  been approved by an organization as the authoritative definition of a
# Line 243  License, under the terms defined in sect Line 272  License, under the terms defined in sect
272  versions, provided that you include in the combination all of the  versions, provided that you include in the combination all of the
273  Invariant Sections of all of the original documents, unmodified, and  Invariant Sections of all of the original documents, unmodified, and
274  list them all as Invariant Sections of your combined work in its  list them all as Invariant Sections of your combined work in its
275  license notice.  license notice, and that you preserve all their Warranty Disclaimers.
276    
277  The combined work need only contain one copy of this License, and  The combined work need only contain one copy of this License, and
278  multiple identical Invariant Sections may be replaced with a single  multiple identical Invariant Sections may be replaced with a single
# Line 254  author or publisher of that section if k Line 283  author or publisher of that section if k
283  Make the same adjustment to the section titles in the list of  Make the same adjustment to the section titles in the list of
284  Invariant Sections in the license notice of the combined work.  Invariant Sections in the license notice of the combined work.
285    
286  In the combination, you must combine any sections entitled ``History''  In the combination, you must combine any sections Entitled ``History''
287  in the various original documents, forming one section entitled  in the various original documents, forming one section Entitled
288  ``History''; likewise combine any sections entitled ``Acknowledgements'',  ``History''; likewise combine any sections Entitled ``Acknowledgements'',
289  and any sections entitled ``Dedications.''  You must delete all sections  and any sections Entitled ``Dedications.''  You must delete all sections
290  entitled ``Endorsements.''  Entitled ``Endorsements.''
291  @sp 1  @sp 1
292  @item  @item
293  COLLECTIONS OF DOCUMENTS  COLLECTIONS OF DOCUMENTS
# Line 279  AGGREGATION WITH INDEPENDENT WORKS Line 308  AGGREGATION WITH INDEPENDENT WORKS
308    
309  A compilation of the Document or its derivatives with other separate  A compilation of the Document or its derivatives with other separate
310  and independent documents or works, in or on a volume of a storage or  and independent documents or works, in or on a volume of a storage or
311  distribution medium, does not as a whole count as a Modified Version  distribution medium, is called an ``aggregate'' if the copyright
312  of the Document, provided no compilation copyright is claimed for the  resulting from the compilation is not used to limit the legal rights
313  compilation.  Such a compilation is called an ``aggregate'', and this  of the compilation's users beyond what the individual works permit.
314  License does not apply to the other self-contained works thus compiled  When the Document is included in an aggregate, this License does not
315  with the Document, on account of their being thus compiled, if they  apply to the other works in the aggregate which are not themselves
316  are not themselves derivative works of the Document.  derivative works of the Document.
317    
318  If the Cover Text requirement of section 3 is applicable to these  If the Cover Text requirement of section 3 is applicable to these
319  copies of the Document, then if the Document is less than one quarter  copies of the Document, then if the Document is less than one half of
320  of the entire aggregate, the Document's Cover Texts may be placed on  the entire aggregate, the Document's Cover Texts may be placed on
321  covers that surround only the Document within the aggregate.  covers that bracket the Document within the aggregate, or the
322  Otherwise they must appear on covers around the whole aggregate.  electronic equivalent of covers if the Document is in electronic form.
323    Otherwise they must appear on printed covers that bracket the whole
324    aggregate.
325  @sp 1  @sp 1
326  @item  @item
327  TRANSLATION  TRANSLATION
# Line 301  Replacing Invariant Sections with transl Line 332  Replacing Invariant Sections with transl
332  permission from their copyright holders, but you may include  permission from their copyright holders, but you may include
333  translations of some or all Invariant Sections in addition to the  translations of some or all Invariant Sections in addition to the
334  original versions of these Invariant Sections.  You may include a  original versions of these Invariant Sections.  You may include a
335  translation of this License provided that you also include the  translation of this License, and all the license notices in the
336  original English version of this License.  In case of a disagreement  Document, and any Warranty Disclaimers, provided that you also include
337  between the translation and the original English version of this  the original English version of this License and the original versions
338  License, the original English version will prevail.  of those notices and disclaimers.  In case of a disagreement between
339    the translation and the original version of this License or a notice
340    or disclaimer, the original version will prevail.
341    
342    If a section in the Document is Entitled ``Acknowledgements'',
343    ``Dedications'', or ``History'', the requirement (section 4) to Preserve
344    its Title (section 1) will typically require changing the actual
345    title.
346  @sp 1  @sp 1
347  @item  @item
348  TERMINATION  TERMINATION
# Line 347  license notices just after the title pag Line 385  license notices just after the title pag
385  @group  @group
386  Copyright (C)  @var{year}  @var{your name}.  Copyright (C)  @var{year}  @var{your name}.
387  Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this document  Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this document
388  under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.1  under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2
389  or any later version published by the Free Software Foundation;  or any later version published by the Free Software Foundation;
390    with no Invariant Sections, no Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover Texts.
391    A copy of the license is included in the section entitled ``GNU
392    Free Documentation License''.
393    @end group
394    @end smallexample
395    
396    If you have Invariant Sections, Front-Cover Texts and Back-Cover Texts,
397    replace the ``with...Texts.'' line with this:
398    
399    @smallexample
400    @group
401  with the Invariant Sections being @var{list their titles}, with the  with the Invariant Sections being @var{list their titles}, with the
402  Front-Cover Texts being @var{list}, and with the Back-Cover Texts being @var{list}.  Front-Cover Texts being @var{list}, and with the Back-Cover Texts being
403  A copy of the license is included in the section entitled "GNU  @var{list}.
 Free Documentation License."  
404  @end group  @end group
405  @end smallexample  @end smallexample
406    
407  If you have no Invariant Sections, write ``with no Invariant Sections''  If you have Invariant Sections without Cover Texts, or some other
408  instead of saying which ones are invariant.  If you have no  combination of the three, merge those two alternatives to suit the
409  Front-Cover Texts, write ``no Front-Cover Texts'' instead of  situation.
 ``Front-Cover Texts being @var{list}''; likewise for Back-Cover Texts.  
410    
411  If your document contains nontrivial examples of program code, we  If your document contains nontrivial examples of program code, we
412  recommend releasing these examples in parallel under your choice of  recommend releasing these examples in parallel under your choice of

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