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revision 1.45 by jpb, Thu Feb 10 04:12:19 2005 UTC revision 1.46 by jpb, Thu Feb 10 18:54:10 2005 UTC
# Line 48  Line 48 
48  @macro cpiover{den}  @macro cpiover{den}
49  @expr{pi/\den\}  @expr{pi/\den\}
50  @end macro  @end macro
 @macro LaTeX{}  
 La@TeX{}  
 @end macro  
51  @end ifnottex  @end ifnottex
52    
53    
# Line 739  these equations for the variables @expr{ Line 736  these equations for the variables @expr{
736  Type @kbd{d B} to view the solutions in more readable notation.  Type @kbd{d B} to view the solutions in more readable notation.
737  Type @w{@kbd{d C}} to view them in C language notation, @kbd{d T}  Type @w{@kbd{d C}} to view them in C language notation, @kbd{d T}
738  to view them in the notation for the @TeX{} typesetting system,  to view them in the notation for the @TeX{} typesetting system,
739  and @kbd{d L} to view them in the notation for the @LaTeX{} typesetting  and @kbd{d L} to view them in the notation for the La@TeX{} typesetting
740  system.  Type @kbd{d N} to return to normal notation.  system.  Type @kbd{d N} to return to normal notation.
741    
742  @noindent  @noindent
# Line 1124  is Line 1121  is
1121  Calc has added annotations to the file to help it remember the modes  Calc has added annotations to the file to help it remember the modes
1122  that were used for this formula.  They are formatted like comments  that were used for this formula.  They are formatted like comments
1123  in the @TeX{} typesetting language, just in case you are using @TeX{} or  in the @TeX{} typesetting language, just in case you are using @TeX{} or
1124  @LaTeX{}. (In this example @TeX{} is not being used, so you might want  La@TeX{}. (In this example @TeX{} is not being used, so you might want
1125  to move these comments up to the top of the file or otherwise put them  to move these comments up to the top of the file or otherwise put them
1126  out of the way.)  out of the way.)
1127    
# Line 5221  One more mode that makes reading formula Line 5218  One more mode that makes reading formula
5218  Here things like powers, square roots, and quotients and fractions  Here things like powers, square roots, and quotients and fractions
5219  are displayed in a two-dimensional pictorial form.  Calc has other  are displayed in a two-dimensional pictorial form.  Calc has other
5220  language modes as well, such as C mode, FORTRAN mode, @TeX{} mode  language modes as well, such as C mode, FORTRAN mode, @TeX{} mode
5221  and @LaTeX{} mode.  and La@TeX{} mode.
5222    
5223  @smallexample  @smallexample
5224  @group  @group
# Line 13925  left or right as you prefer. Line 13922  left or right as you prefer.
13922  @noindent  @noindent
13923  The commands in this section change Calc to use a different notation for  The commands in this section change Calc to use a different notation for
13924  entry and display of formulas, corresponding to the conventions of some  entry and display of formulas, corresponding to the conventions of some
13925  other common language such as Pascal or @LaTeX{}.  Objects displayed on the  other common language such as Pascal or La@TeX{}.  Objects displayed on the
13926  stack or yanked from the Calculator to an editing buffer will be formatted  stack or yanked from the Calculator to an editing buffer will be formatted
13927  in the current language; objects entered in algebraic entry or yanked from  in the current language; objects entered in algebraic entry or yanked from
13928  another buffer will be interpreted according to the current language.  another buffer will be interpreted according to the current language.
# Line 13950  the brackets in @samp{a[1]} and @samp{a[ Line 13947  the brackets in @samp{a[1]} and @samp{a[
13947  and would have written the formula back with notations (like implicit  and would have written the formula back with notations (like implicit
13948  multiplication) which would not have been legal for a C program.  multiplication) which would not have been legal for a C program.
13949    
13950  As another example, suppose you are maintaining a C program and a @LaTeX{}  As another example, suppose you are maintaining a C program and a La@TeX{}
13951  document, each of which needs a copy of the same formula.  You can grab the  document, each of which needs a copy of the same formula.  You can grab the
13952  formula from the program in C mode, switch to @LaTeX{} mode, and yank the  formula from the program in C mode, switch to La@TeX{} mode, and yank the
13953  formula into the document in @LaTeX{} math-mode format.  formula into the document in La@TeX{} math-mode format.
13954    
13955  Language modes are selected by typing the letter @kbd{d} followed by a  Language modes are selected by typing the letter @kbd{d} followed by a
13956  shifted letter key.  shifted letter key.
# Line 14147  convert to lower-case on input.  With a Line 14144  convert to lower-case on input.  With a
14144  convert to lower-case for display and input.  convert to lower-case for display and input.
14145    
14146  @node TeX and LaTeX Language Modes, Eqn Language Mode, C FORTRAN Pascal, Language Modes  @node TeX and LaTeX Language Modes, Eqn Language Mode, C FORTRAN Pascal, Language Modes
14147  @subsection @TeX{} and @LaTeX{} Language Modes  @subsection @TeX{} and La@TeX{} Language Modes
14148    
14149  @noindent  @noindent
14150  @kindex d T  @kindex d T
# Line 14159  convert to lower-case for display and in Line 14156  convert to lower-case for display and in
14156  The @kbd{d T} (@code{calc-tex-language}) command selects the conventions  The @kbd{d T} (@code{calc-tex-language}) command selects the conventions
14157  of ``math mode'' in Donald Knuth's @TeX{} typesetting language,  of ``math mode'' in Donald Knuth's @TeX{} typesetting language,
14158  and the @kbd{d L} (@code{calc-latex-language}) command selects the  and the @kbd{d L} (@code{calc-latex-language}) command selects the
14159  conventions of ``math mode'' in @LaTeX{}, a typesetting language that  conventions of ``math mode'' in La@TeX{}, a typesetting language that
14160  uses @TeX{} as its formatting engine.  Calc's @LaTeX{} language mode can  uses @TeX{} as its formatting engine.  Calc's La@TeX{} language mode can
14161  read any formula that the @TeX{} language mode can, although @LaTeX{}  read any formula that the @TeX{} language mode can, although La@TeX{}
14162  mode may display it differently.  mode may display it differently.
14163    
14164  Formulas are entered and displayed in the appropriate notation;  Formulas are entered and displayed in the appropriate notation;
14165  @texline @math{\sin(a/b)}  @texline @math{\sin(a/b)}
14166  @infoline @expr{sin(a/b)}  @infoline @expr{sin(a/b)}
14167  will appear as @samp{\sin\left( a \over b \right)} in @TeX{} mode and  will appear as @samp{\sin\left( a \over b \right)} in @TeX{} mode and
14168  @samp{\sin\left(\frac@{a@}@{b@}\right)} in @LaTeX{} mode.  @samp{\sin\left(\frac@{a@}@{b@}\right)} in La@TeX{} mode.
14169  Math formulas are often enclosed by @samp{$ $} signs in @TeX{} and  Math formulas are often enclosed by @samp{$ $} signs in @TeX{} and
14170  @LaTeX{}; these should be omitted when interfacing with Calc.  To Calc,  La@TeX{}; these should be omitted when interfacing with Calc.  To Calc,
14171  the @samp{$} sign has the same meaning it always does in algebraic  the @samp{$} sign has the same meaning it always does in algebraic
14172  formulas (a reference to an existing entry on the stack).  formulas (a reference to an existing entry on the stack).
14173    
14174  Complex numbers are displayed as in @samp{3 + 4i}.  Fractions and  Complex numbers are displayed as in @samp{3 + 4i}.  Fractions and
14175  quotients are written using @code{\over} in @TeX{} mode (as in  quotients are written using @code{\over} in @TeX{} mode (as in
14176  @code{@{a \over b@}}) and @code{\frac} in @LaTeX{} mode (as in  @code{@{a \over b@}}) and @code{\frac} in La@TeX{} mode (as in
14177  @code{\frac@{a@}@{b@}});  binomial coefficients are written with  @code{\frac@{a@}@{b@}});  binomial coefficients are written with
14178  @code{\choose} in @TeX{} mode (as in @code{@{a \choose b@}}) and  @code{\choose} in @TeX{} mode (as in @code{@{a \choose b@}}) and
14179  @code{\binom} in @LaTeX{} mode (as in @code{\binom@{a@}@{b@}}).  @code{\binom} in La@TeX{} mode (as in @code{\binom@{a@}@{b@}}).
14180  Interval forms are written with @code{\ldots}, and error forms are  Interval forms are written with @code{\ldots}, and error forms are
14181  written with @code{\pm}. Absolute values are written as in  written with @code{\pm}. Absolute values are written as in
14182  @samp{|x + 1|}, and the floor and ceiling functions are written with  @samp{|x + 1|}, and the floor and ceiling functions are written with
14183  @code{\lfloor}, @code{\rfloor}, etc. The words @code{\left} and  @code{\lfloor}, @code{\rfloor}, etc. The words @code{\left} and
14184  @code{\right} are ignored when reading formulas in @TeX{} and @LaTeX{}  @code{\right} are ignored when reading formulas in @TeX{} and La@TeX{}
14185  modes.  Both @code{inf} and @code{uinf} are written as @code{\infty};  modes.  Both @code{inf} and @code{uinf} are written as @code{\infty};
14186  when read, @code{\infty} always translates to @code{inf}.  when read, @code{\infty} always translates to @code{inf}.
14187    
14188  Function calls are written the usual way, with the function name followed  Function calls are written the usual way, with the function name followed
14189  by the arguments in parentheses.  However, functions for which @TeX{}  by the arguments in parentheses.  However, functions for which @TeX{}
14190  and @LaTeX{} have special names (like @code{\sin}) will use curly braces  and La@TeX{} have special names (like @code{\sin}) will use curly braces
14191  instead of parentheses for very simple arguments.  During input, curly  instead of parentheses for very simple arguments.  During input, curly
14192  braces and parentheses work equally well for grouping, but when the  braces and parentheses work equally well for grouping, but when the
14193  document is formatted the curly braces will be invisible.  Thus the  document is formatted the curly braces will be invisible.  Thus the
# Line 14201  but Line 14198  but
14198  @texline @math{\sin(2 + x)}.  @texline @math{\sin(2 + x)}.
14199  @infoline @expr{sin(2 + x)}.  @infoline @expr{sin(2 + x)}.
14200    
14201  Function and variable names not treated specially by @TeX{} and @LaTeX{}  Function and variable names not treated specially by @TeX{} and La@TeX{}
14202  are simply written out as-is, which will cause them to come out in  are simply written out as-is, which will cause them to come out in
14203  italic letters in the printed document.  If you invoke @kbd{d T} or  italic letters in the printed document.  If you invoke @kbd{d T} or
14204  @kbd{d L} with a positive numeric prefix argument, names of more than  @kbd{d L} with a positive numeric prefix argument, names of more than
14205  one character will instead be enclosed in a protective commands that  one character will instead be enclosed in a protective commands that
14206  will prevent them from being typeset in the math italics; they will be  will prevent them from being typeset in the math italics; they will be
14207  written @samp{\hbox@{@var{name}@}} in @TeX{} mode and  written @samp{\hbox@{@var{name}@}} in @TeX{} mode and
14208  @samp{\text@{@var{name}@}} in @LaTeX{} mode.  The  @samp{\text@{@var{name}@}} in La@TeX{} mode.  The
14209  @samp{\hbox@{ @}} and @samp{\text@{ @}} notations are ignored during  @samp{\hbox@{ @}} and @samp{\text@{ @}} notations are ignored during
14210  reading.  If you use a negative prefix argument, such function names are  reading.  If you use a negative prefix argument, such function names are
14211  written @samp{\@var{name}}, and function names that begin with @code{\} during  written @samp{\@var{name}}, and function names that begin with @code{\} during
# Line 14219  any @TeX{} mode.) Line 14216  any @TeX{} mode.)
14216    
14217  During reading, text of the form @samp{\matrix@{ ...@: @}} is replaced  During reading, text of the form @samp{\matrix@{ ...@: @}} is replaced
14218  by @samp{[ ...@: ]}.  The same also applies to @code{\pmatrix} and  by @samp{[ ...@: ]}.  The same also applies to @code{\pmatrix} and
14219  @code{\bmatrix}.  In @LaTeX{} mode this also applies to  @code{\bmatrix}.  In La@TeX{} mode this also applies to
14220  @samp{\begin@{matrix@} ... \end@{matrix@}},  @samp{\begin@{matrix@} ... \end@{matrix@}},
14221  @samp{\begin@{bmatrix@} ... \end@{bmatrix@}},  @samp{\begin@{bmatrix@} ... \end@{bmatrix@}},
14222  @samp{\begin@{pmatrix@} ... \end@{pmatrix@}}, as well as  @samp{\begin@{pmatrix@} ... \end@{pmatrix@}}, as well as
# Line 14229  and the symbols @samp{\cr} and @samp{\\} Line 14226  and the symbols @samp{\cr} and @samp{\\}
14226  During output, matrices are displayed in @samp{\matrix@{ a & b \\ c & d@}}  During output, matrices are displayed in @samp{\matrix@{ a & b \\ c & d@}}
14227  format in @TeX{} mode and in  format in @TeX{} mode and in
14228  @samp{\begin@{pmatrix@} a & b \\ c & d \end@{pmatrix@}} format in  @samp{\begin@{pmatrix@} a & b \\ c & d \end@{pmatrix@}} format in
14229  @LaTeX{} mode; you may need to edit this afterwards to change to your  La@TeX{} mode; you may need to edit this afterwards to change to your
14230  preferred matrix form.  If you invoke @kbd{d T} or @kbd{d L} with an  preferred matrix form.  If you invoke @kbd{d T} or @kbd{d L} with an
14231  argument of 2 or -2, then matrices will be displayed in two-dimensional  argument of 2 or -2, then matrices will be displayed in two-dimensional
14232  form, such as  form, such as
# Line 14253  c & d Line 14250  c & d
14250  @end example  @end example
14251    
14252  @noindent  @noindent
14253  While this wouldn't bother Calc, it is incorrect @LaTeX{}.  While this wouldn't bother Calc, it is incorrect La@TeX{}.
14254  (Similarly for @TeX{}.)  (Similarly for @TeX{}.)
14255    
14256  Accents like @code{\tilde} and @code{\bar} translate into function  Accents like @code{\tilde} and @code{\bar} translate into function
# Line 14261  calls internally (@samp{tilde(x)}, @samp Line 14258  calls internally (@samp{tilde(x)}, @samp
14258  sequence is treated as an accent.  The @code{\vec} accent corresponds  sequence is treated as an accent.  The @code{\vec} accent corresponds
14259  to the function name @code{Vec}, because @code{vec} is the name of  to the function name @code{Vec}, because @code{vec} is the name of
14260  a built-in Calc function.  The following table shows the accents  a built-in Calc function.  The following table shows the accents
14261  in Calc, @TeX{}, @LaTeX{} and @dfn{eqn} (described in the next section):  in Calc, @TeX{}, La@TeX{} and @dfn{eqn} (described in the next section):
14262    
14263  @iftex  @iftex
14264  @begingroup  @begingroup
# Line 14436  reading is: Line 14433  reading is:
14433  @end example  @end example
14434    
14435  Note that, because these symbols are ignored, reading a @TeX{} or  Note that, because these symbols are ignored, reading a @TeX{} or
14436  @LaTeX{} formula into Calc and writing it back out may lose spacing and  La@TeX{} formula into Calc and writing it back out may lose spacing and
14437  font information.  font information.
14438    
14439  Also, the ``discretionary multiplication sign'' @samp{\*} is read  Also, the ``discretionary multiplication sign'' @samp{\*} is read
# Line 14607  treated the same as a space in @dfn{eqn} Line 14604  treated the same as a space in @dfn{eqn}
14604  symbol (these are used to introduce spaces of various widths into  symbol (these are used to introduce spaces of various widths into
14605  the typeset output of @dfn{eqn}).  the typeset output of @dfn{eqn}).
14606    
14607  As in @LaTeX{} mode, Calc's formatter omits parentheses around the  As in La@TeX{} mode, Calc's formatter omits parentheses around the
14608  arguments of functions like @code{ln} and @code{sin} if they are  arguments of functions like @code{ln} and @code{sin} if they are
14609  ``simple-looking''; in this case Calc surrounds the argument with  ``simple-looking''; in this case Calc surrounds the argument with
14610  braces, separated by a @samp{~} from the function name: @samp{sin~@{x@}}.  braces, separated by a @samp{~} from the function name: @samp{sin~@{x@}}.
# Line 15939  FORTRAN language mode (@kbd{d F}). Line 15936  FORTRAN language mode (@kbd{d F}).
15936  @TeX{} language mode (@kbd{d T}; @pxref{TeX and LaTeX Language Modes}).  @TeX{} language mode (@kbd{d T}; @pxref{TeX and LaTeX Language Modes}).
15937    
15938  @item LaTeX  @item LaTeX
15939  @LaTeX{} language mode (@kbd{d L}; @pxref{TeX and LaTeX Language Modes}).  La@TeX{} language mode (@kbd{d L}; @pxref{TeX and LaTeX Language Modes}).
15940    
15941  @item Eqn  @item Eqn
15942  @dfn{Eqn} language mode (@kbd{d E}; @pxref{Eqn Language Mode}).  @dfn{Eqn} language mode (@kbd{d E}; @pxref{Eqn Language Mode}).
# Line 28353  since the evaluation step will also eval Line 28350  since the evaluation step will also eval
28350  @cindex @samp{=>} operator  @cindex @samp{=>} operator
28351  The special algebraic symbol @samp{=>} is known as the @dfn{evaluates-to  The special algebraic symbol @samp{=>} is known as the @dfn{evaluates-to
28352  operator}.  (It will show up as an @code{evalto} function call in  operator}.  (It will show up as an @code{evalto} function call in
28353  other language modes like Pascal and @LaTeX{}.)  This is a binary  other language modes like Pascal and La@TeX{}.)  This is a binary
28354  operator, that is, it has a lefthand and a righthand argument,  operator, that is, it has a lefthand and a righthand argument,
28355  although it can be entered with the righthand argument omitted.  although it can be entered with the righthand argument omitted.
28356    
# Line 30008  you haven't done anything with this form Line 30005  you haven't done anything with this form
30005  When Embedded mode ``activates'' a formula, i.e., when it examines  When Embedded mode ``activates'' a formula, i.e., when it examines
30006  the formula for the first time since the buffer was created or  the formula for the first time since the buffer was created or
30007  loaded, Calc tries to sense the language in which the formula was  loaded, Calc tries to sense the language in which the formula was
30008  written.  If the formula contains any @LaTeX{}-like @samp{\} sequences,  written.  If the formula contains any La@TeX{}-like @samp{\} sequences,
30009  it is parsed (i.e., read) in @LaTeX{} mode.  If the formula appears to  it is parsed (i.e., read) in La@TeX{} mode.  If the formula appears to
30010  be written in multi-line Big mode, it is parsed in Big mode.  Otherwise,  be written in multi-line Big mode, it is parsed in Big mode.  Otherwise,
30011  it is parsed according to the current language mode.  it is parsed according to the current language mode.
30012    
30013  Note that Calc does not change the current language mode according  Note that Calc does not change the current language mode according
30014  to what it finds.  Even though it can read a @LaTeX{} formula when  to what it finds.  Even though it can read a La@TeX{} formula when
30015  not in @LaTeX{} mode, it will immediately rewrite this formula using  not in La@TeX{} mode, it will immediately rewrite this formula using
30016  whatever language mode is in effect.  You must then type @kbd{d L}  whatever language mode is in effect.  You must then type @kbd{d L}
30017  to switch Calc permanently into @LaTeX{} mode if that is what you  to switch Calc permanently into La@TeX{} mode if that is what you
30018  desire.  desire.
30019    
30020  @tex  @tex
# Line 30038  version. Line 30035  version.
30035    
30036  Plain formulas are preceded and followed by @samp{%%%} signs  Plain formulas are preceded and followed by @samp{%%%} signs
30037  by default.  This notation has the advantage that the @samp{%}  by default.  This notation has the advantage that the @samp{%}
30038  character begins a comment in @TeX{} and @LaTeX{}, so if your formula is  character begins a comment in @TeX{} and La@TeX{}, so if your formula is
30039  embedded in a @TeX{} or @LaTeX{} document its plain version will be  embedded in a @TeX{} or La@TeX{} document its plain version will be
30040  invisible in the final printed copy.  @xref{Customizing  invisible in the final printed copy.  @xref{Customizing
30041  Embedded Mode}, to see how to change the ``plain'' formula  Embedded Mode}, to see how to change the ``plain'' formula
30042  delimiters, say to something that @dfn{eqn} or some other  delimiters, say to something that @dfn{eqn} or some other
# Line 30329  a few lines that look like this: Line 30326  a few lines that look like this:
30326  @noindent  @noindent
30327  where the leading and trailing @samp{---} can be replaced by  where the leading and trailing @samp{---} can be replaced by
30328  any suitable strings (which must be the same on all three lines)  any suitable strings (which must be the same on all three lines)
30329  or omitted altogether; in a @TeX{} or @LaTeX{} file, @samp{%} would be a good  or omitted altogether; in a @TeX{} or La@TeX{} file, @samp{%} would be a good
30330  leading string and no trailing string would be necessary.  In a  leading string and no trailing string would be necessary.  In a
30331  C program, @samp{/*} and @samp{*/} would be good leading and  C program, @samp{/*} and @samp{*/} would be good leading and
30332  trailing strings.  trailing strings.

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