734 |
|
|
735 |
@noindent |
@noindent |
736 |
Type @kbd{d B} to view the solutions in more readable notation. |
Type @kbd{d B} to view the solutions in more readable notation. |
737 |
Type @w{@kbd{d C}} to view them in C language notation, and @kbd{d T} |
Type @w{@kbd{d C}} to view them in C language notation, @kbd{d T} |
738 |
to view them in the notation for the @TeX{} typesetting system. |
to view them in the notation for the @TeX{} typesetting system, |
739 |
Type @kbd{d N} to return to normal notation. |
and @kbd{d L} to view them in the notation for the @LaTeX{} typesetting |
740 |
|
system. Type @kbd{d N} to return to normal notation. |
741 |
|
|
742 |
@noindent |
@noindent |
743 |
Type @kbd{7.5}, then @kbd{s l a @key{RET}} to let @expr{a = 7.5} in these formulas. |
Type @kbd{7.5}, then @kbd{s l a @key{RET}} to let @expr{a = 7.5} in these formulas. |
1120 |
|
|
1121 |
Calc has added annotations to the file to help it remember the modes |
Calc has added annotations to the file to help it remember the modes |
1122 |
that were used for this formula. They are formatted like comments |
that were used for this formula. They are formatted like comments |
1123 |
in the @TeX{} typesetting language, just in case you are using @TeX{}. |
in the @TeX{} typesetting language, just in case you are using @TeX{} or |
1124 |
(In this example @TeX{} is not being used, so you might want to move |
@LaTeX{}. (In this example @TeX{} is not being used, so you might want |
1125 |
these comments up to the top of the file or otherwise put them out |
to move these comments up to the top of the file or otherwise put them |
1126 |
of the way.) |
out of the way.) |
1127 |
|
|
1128 |
As an extra flourish, we can add an equation number using a |
As an extra flourish, we can add an equation number using a |
1129 |
righthand label: Type @kbd{d @} (1) @key{RET}}. |
righthand label: Type @kbd{d @} (1) @key{RET}}. |
5217 |
|
|
5218 |
Here things like powers, square roots, and quotients and fractions |
Here things like powers, square roots, and quotients and fractions |
5219 |
are displayed in a two-dimensional pictorial form. Calc has other |
are displayed in a two-dimensional pictorial form. Calc has other |
5220 |
language modes as well, such as C mode, FORTRAN mode, and @TeX{} mode. |
language modes as well, such as C mode, FORTRAN mode, @TeX{} mode |
5221 |
|
and @LaTeX{} mode. |
5222 |
|
|
5223 |
@smallexample |
@smallexample |
5224 |
@group |
@group |
13922 |
@noindent |
@noindent |
13923 |
The commands in this section change Calc to use a different notation for |
The commands in this section change Calc to use a different notation for |
13924 |
entry and display of formulas, corresponding to the conventions of some |
entry and display of formulas, corresponding to the conventions of some |
13925 |
other common language such as Pascal or @TeX{}. Objects displayed on the |
other common language such as Pascal or @LaTeX{}. Objects displayed on the |
13926 |
stack or yanked from the Calculator to an editing buffer will be formatted |
stack or yanked from the Calculator to an editing buffer will be formatted |
13927 |
in the current language; objects entered in algebraic entry or yanked from |
in the current language; objects entered in algebraic entry or yanked from |
13928 |
another buffer will be interpreted according to the current language. |
another buffer will be interpreted according to the current language. |
13947 |
and would have written the formula back with notations (like implicit |
and would have written the formula back with notations (like implicit |
13948 |
multiplication) which would not have been legal for a C program. |
multiplication) which would not have been legal for a C program. |
13949 |
|
|
13950 |
As another example, suppose you are maintaining a C program and a @TeX{} |
As another example, suppose you are maintaining a C program and a @LaTeX{} |
13951 |
document, each of which needs a copy of the same formula. You can grab the |
document, each of which needs a copy of the same formula. You can grab the |
13952 |
formula from the program in C mode, switch to @TeX{} mode, and yank the |
formula from the program in C mode, switch to @LaTeX{} mode, and yank the |
13953 |
formula into the document in @TeX{} math-mode format. |
formula into the document in @LaTeX{} math-mode format. |
13954 |
|
|
13955 |
Language modes are selected by typing the letter @kbd{d} followed by a |
Language modes are selected by typing the letter @kbd{d} followed by a |
13956 |
shifted letter key. |
shifted letter key. |
13958 |
@menu |
@menu |
13959 |
* Normal Language Modes:: |
* Normal Language Modes:: |
13960 |
* C FORTRAN Pascal:: |
* C FORTRAN Pascal:: |
13961 |
* TeX Language Mode:: |
* TeX and LaTeX Language Modes:: |
13962 |
* Eqn Language Mode:: |
* Eqn Language Mode:: |
13963 |
* Mathematica Language Mode:: |
* Mathematica Language Mode:: |
13964 |
* Maple Language Mode:: |
* Maple Language Mode:: |
14068 |
(except that Mathematica mode expects square brackets instead of |
(except that Mathematica mode expects square brackets instead of |
14069 |
parentheses). |
parentheses). |
14070 |
|
|
14071 |
@node C FORTRAN Pascal, TeX Language Mode, Normal Language Modes, Language Modes |
@node C FORTRAN Pascal, TeX and LaTeX Language Modes, Normal Language Modes, Language Modes |
14072 |
@subsection C, FORTRAN, and Pascal Modes |
@subsection C, FORTRAN, and Pascal Modes |
14073 |
|
|
14074 |
@noindent |
@noindent |
14143 |
convert to lower-case on input. With a negative prefix, these modes |
convert to lower-case on input. With a negative prefix, these modes |
14144 |
convert to lower-case for display and input. |
convert to lower-case for display and input. |
14145 |
|
|
14146 |
@node TeX Language Mode, Eqn Language Mode, C FORTRAN Pascal, Language Modes |
@node TeX and LaTeX Language Modes, Eqn Language Mode, C FORTRAN Pascal, Language Modes |
14147 |
@subsection @TeX{} Language Mode |
@subsection @TeX{} and @LaTeX{} Language Modes |
14148 |
|
|
14149 |
@noindent |
@noindent |
14150 |
@kindex d T |
@kindex d T |
14151 |
@pindex calc-tex-language |
@pindex calc-tex-language |
14152 |
@cindex TeX language |
@cindex TeX language |
14153 |
|
@kindex d L |
14154 |
|
@pindex calc-latex-language |
14155 |
|
@cindex LaTeX language |
14156 |
The @kbd{d T} (@code{calc-tex-language}) command selects the conventions |
The @kbd{d T} (@code{calc-tex-language}) command selects the conventions |
14157 |
of ``math mode'' in the @TeX{} typesetting language, by Donald Knuth. |
of ``math mode'' in Donald Knuth's @TeX{} typesetting language, |
14158 |
Formulas are entered |
and the @kbd{d L} (@code{calc-latex-language}) command selects the |
14159 |
and displayed in @TeX{} notation, as in @samp{\sin\left( a \over b \right)}. |
conventions of ``math mode'' in @LaTeX{}, a typesetting language that |
14160 |
Math formulas are usually enclosed by @samp{$ $} signs in @TeX{}; these |
uses @TeX{} as its formatting engine. Calc's @LaTeX{} language mode can |
14161 |
should be omitted when interfacing with Calc. To Calc, the @samp{$} sign |
read any formula that the @TeX{} language mode can, although @LaTeX{} |
14162 |
has the same meaning it always does in algebraic formulas (a reference to |
mode may display it differently. |
14163 |
an existing entry on the stack). |
|
14164 |
|
Formulas are entered and displayed in the appropriate notation; |
14165 |
|
@texline @math{\sin(a/b)} |
14166 |
|
@infoline @expr{sin(a/b)} |
14167 |
|
will appear as @samp{\sin\left( a \over b \right)} in @TeX{} mode and |
14168 |
|
@samp{\sin\left(\frac@{a@}@{b@}\right)} in @LaTeX{} mode. |
14169 |
|
Math formulas are often enclosed by @samp{$ $} signs in @TeX{} and |
14170 |
|
@LaTeX{}; these should be omitted when interfacing with Calc. To Calc, |
14171 |
|
the @samp{$} sign has the same meaning it always does in algebraic |
14172 |
|
formulas (a reference to an existing entry on the stack). |
14173 |
|
|
14174 |
Complex numbers are displayed as in @samp{3 + 4i}. Fractions and |
Complex numbers are displayed as in @samp{3 + 4i}. Fractions and |
14175 |
quotients are written using @code{\over}; |
quotients are written using @code{\over} in @TeX{} mode (as in |
14176 |
binomial coefficients are written with @code{\choose}. |
@code{@{a \over b@}}) and @code{\frac} in @LaTeX{} mode (as in |
14177 |
Interval forms are written with @code{\ldots}, and |
@code{\frac@{a@}@{b@}}); binomial coefficients are written with |
14178 |
error forms are written with @code{\pm}. |
@code{\choose} in @TeX{} mode (as in @code{@{a \choose b@}}) and |
14179 |
Absolute values are written as in @samp{|x + 1|}, and the floor and |
@code{\binom} in @LaTeX{} mode (as in @code{\binom@{a@}@{b@}}). |
14180 |
ceiling functions are written with @code{\lfloor}, @code{\rfloor}, etc. |
Interval forms are written with @code{\ldots}, and error forms are |
14181 |
The words @code{\left} and @code{\right} are ignored when reading |
written with @code{\pm}. Absolute values are written as in |
14182 |
formulas in @TeX{} mode. Both @code{inf} and @code{uinf} are written |
@samp{|x + 1|}, and the floor and ceiling functions are written with |
14183 |
as @code{\infty}; when read, @code{\infty} always translates to |
@code{\lfloor}, @code{\rfloor}, etc. The words @code{\left} and |
14184 |
@code{inf}. |
@code{\right} are ignored when reading formulas in @TeX{} and @LaTeX{} |
14185 |
|
modes. Both @code{inf} and @code{uinf} are written as @code{\infty}; |
14186 |
|
when read, @code{\infty} always translates to @code{inf}. |
14187 |
|
|
14188 |
Function calls are written the usual way, with the function name followed |
Function calls are written the usual way, with the function name followed |
14189 |
by the arguments in parentheses. However, functions for which @TeX{} has |
by the arguments in parentheses. However, functions for which @TeX{} |
14190 |
special names (like @code{\sin}) will use curly braces instead of |
and @LaTeX{} have special names (like @code{\sin}) will use curly braces |
14191 |
parentheses for very simple arguments. During input, curly braces and |
instead of parentheses for very simple arguments. During input, curly |
14192 |
parentheses work equally well for grouping, but when the document is |
braces and parentheses work equally well for grouping, but when the |
14193 |
formatted the curly braces will be invisible. Thus the printed result is |
document is formatted the curly braces will be invisible. Thus the |
14194 |
|
printed result is |
14195 |
@texline @math{\sin{2 x}} |
@texline @math{\sin{2 x}} |
14196 |
@infoline @expr{sin 2x} |
@infoline @expr{sin 2x} |
14197 |
but |
but |
14198 |
@texline @math{\sin(2 + x)}. |
@texline @math{\sin(2 + x)}. |
14199 |
@infoline @expr{sin(2 + x)}. |
@infoline @expr{sin(2 + x)}. |
14200 |
|
|
14201 |
Function and variable names not treated specially by @TeX{} are simply |
Function and variable names not treated specially by @TeX{} and @LaTeX{} |
14202 |
written out as-is, which will cause them to come out in italic letters |
are simply written out as-is, which will cause them to come out in |
14203 |
in the printed document. If you invoke @kbd{d T} with a positive numeric |
italic letters in the printed document. If you invoke @kbd{d T} or |
14204 |
prefix argument, names of more than one character will instead be written |
@kbd{d L} with a positive numeric prefix argument, names of more than |
14205 |
@samp{\hbox@{@var{name}@}}. The @samp{\hbox@{ @}} notation is ignored |
one character will instead be enclosed in a protective commands that |
14206 |
during reading. If you use a negative prefix argument, such function |
will prevent them from being typeset in the math italics; they will be |
14207 |
names are written @samp{\@var{name}}, and function names that begin |
written @samp{\hbox@{@var{name}@}} in @TeX{} mode and |
14208 |
with @code{\} during reading have the @code{\} removed. (Note that |
@samp{\text@{@var{name}@}} in @LaTeX{} mode. The |
14209 |
in this mode, long variable names are still written with @code{\hbox}. |
@samp{\hbox@{ @}} and @samp{\text@{ @}} notations are ignored during |
14210 |
However, you can always make an actual variable name like @code{\bar} |
reading. If you use a negative prefix argument, such function names are |
14211 |
in any @TeX{} mode.) |
written @samp{\@var{name}}, and function names that begin with @code{\} during |
14212 |
|
reading have the @code{\} removed. (Note that in this mode, long |
14213 |
|
variable names are still written with @code{\hbox} or @code{\text}. |
14214 |
|
However, you can always make an actual variable name like @code{\bar} in |
14215 |
|
any @TeX{} mode.) |
14216 |
|
|
14217 |
During reading, text of the form @samp{\matrix@{ ...@: @}} is replaced |
During reading, text of the form @samp{\matrix@{ ...@: @}} is replaced |
14218 |
by @samp{[ ...@: ]}. The same also applies to @code{\pmatrix} and |
by @samp{[ ...@: ]}. The same also applies to @code{\pmatrix} and |
14219 |
@code{\bmatrix}. The symbol @samp{&} is interpreted as a comma, |
@code{\bmatrix}. In @LaTeX{} mode this also applies to |
14220 |
|
@samp{\begin@{matrix@} ... \end@{matrix@}}, |
14221 |
|
@samp{\begin@{bmatrix@} ... \end@{bmatrix@}}, |
14222 |
|
@samp{\begin@{pmatrix@} ... \end@{pmatrix@}}, as well as |
14223 |
|
@samp{\begin@{smallmatrix@} ... \end@{smallmatrix@}}. |
14224 |
|
The symbol @samp{&} is interpreted as a comma, |
14225 |
and the symbols @samp{\cr} and @samp{\\} are interpreted as semicolons. |
and the symbols @samp{\cr} and @samp{\\} are interpreted as semicolons. |
14226 |
During output, matrices are displayed in @samp{\matrix@{ a & b \\ c & d@}} |
During output, matrices are displayed in @samp{\matrix@{ a & b \\ c & d@}} |
14227 |
format; you may need to edit this afterwards to change @code{\matrix} |
format in @TeX{} mode and in |
14228 |
to @code{\pmatrix} or @code{\\} to @code{\cr}. |
@samp{\begin@{pmatrix@} a & b \\ c & d \end@{pmatrix@}} format in |
14229 |
|
@LaTeX{} mode; you may need to edit this afterwards to change to your |
14230 |
|
preferred matrix form. If you invoke @kbd{d T} or @kbd{d L} with an |
14231 |
|
argument of 2 or -2, then matrices will be displayed in two-dimensional |
14232 |
|
form, such as |
14233 |
|
|
14234 |
|
@example |
14235 |
|
\begin@{pmatrix@} |
14236 |
|
a & b \\ |
14237 |
|
c & d |
14238 |
|
\end@{pmatrix@} |
14239 |
|
@end example |
14240 |
|
|
14241 |
|
@noindent |
14242 |
|
This may be convenient for isolated matrices, but could lead to |
14243 |
|
expressions being displayed like |
14244 |
|
|
14245 |
|
@example |
14246 |
|
\begin@{pmatrix@} \times x |
14247 |
|
a & b \\ |
14248 |
|
c & d |
14249 |
|
\end@{pmatrix@} |
14250 |
|
@end example |
14251 |
|
|
14252 |
|
@noindent |
14253 |
|
While this wouldn't bother Calc, it is incorrect @LaTeX{}. |
14254 |
|
(Similarly for @TeX{}.) |
14255 |
|
|
14256 |
Accents like @code{\tilde} and @code{\bar} translate into function |
Accents like @code{\tilde} and @code{\bar} translate into function |
14257 |
calls internally (@samp{tilde(x)}, @samp{bar(x)}). The @code{\underline} |
calls internally (@samp{tilde(x)}, @samp{bar(x)}). The @code{\underline} |
14258 |
sequence is treated as an accent. The @code{\vec} accent corresponds |
sequence is treated as an accent. The @code{\vec} accent corresponds |
14259 |
to the function name @code{Vec}, because @code{vec} is the name of |
to the function name @code{Vec}, because @code{vec} is the name of |
14260 |
a built-in Calc function. The following table shows the accents |
a built-in Calc function. The following table shows the accents |
14261 |
in Calc, @TeX{}, and @dfn{eqn} (described in the next section): |
in Calc, @TeX{}, @LaTeX{} and @dfn{eqn} (described in the next section): |
14262 |
|
|
14263 |
@iftex |
@iftex |
14264 |
@begingroup |
@begingroup |
14272 |
@ignore |
@ignore |
14273 |
@starindex |
@starindex |
14274 |
@end ignore |
@end ignore |
14275 |
|
@tindex Acute |
14276 |
|
@ignore |
14277 |
|
@starindex |
14278 |
|
@end ignore |
14279 |
@tindex bar |
@tindex bar |
14280 |
@ignore |
@ignore |
14281 |
@starindex |
@starindex |
14282 |
@end ignore |
@end ignore |
14283 |
|
@tindex Bar |
14284 |
|
@ignore |
14285 |
|
@starindex |
14286 |
|
@end ignore |
14287 |
@tindex breve |
@tindex breve |
14288 |
@ignore |
@ignore |
14289 |
@starindex |
@starindex |
14290 |
@end ignore |
@end ignore |
14291 |
|
@tindex Breve |
14292 |
|
@ignore |
14293 |
|
@starindex |
14294 |
|
@end ignore |
14295 |
@tindex check |
@tindex check |
14296 |
@ignore |
@ignore |
14297 |
@starindex |
@starindex |
14298 |
@end ignore |
@end ignore |
14299 |
|
@tindex Check |
14300 |
|
@ignore |
14301 |
|
@starindex |
14302 |
|
@end ignore |
14303 |
|
@tindex dddot |
14304 |
|
@ignore |
14305 |
|
@starindex |
14306 |
|
@end ignore |
14307 |
|
@tindex ddddot |
14308 |
|
@ignore |
14309 |
|
@starindex |
14310 |
|
@end ignore |
14311 |
@tindex dot |
@tindex dot |
14312 |
@ignore |
@ignore |
14313 |
@starindex |
@starindex |
14314 |
@end ignore |
@end ignore |
14315 |
|
@tindex Dot |
14316 |
|
@ignore |
14317 |
|
@starindex |
14318 |
|
@end ignore |
14319 |
@tindex dotdot |
@tindex dotdot |
14320 |
@ignore |
@ignore |
14321 |
@starindex |
@starindex |
14322 |
@end ignore |
@end ignore |
14323 |
|
@tindex DotDot |
14324 |
|
@ignore |
14325 |
|
@starindex |
14326 |
|
@end ignore |
14327 |
@tindex dyad |
@tindex dyad |
14328 |
@ignore |
@ignore |
14329 |
@starindex |
@starindex |
14332 |
@ignore |
@ignore |
14333 |
@starindex |
@starindex |
14334 |
@end ignore |
@end ignore |
14335 |
|
@tindex Grave |
14336 |
|
@ignore |
14337 |
|
@starindex |
14338 |
|
@end ignore |
14339 |
@tindex hat |
@tindex hat |
14340 |
@ignore |
@ignore |
14341 |
@starindex |
@starindex |
14342 |
@end ignore |
@end ignore |
14343 |
|
@tindex Hat |
14344 |
|
@ignore |
14345 |
|
@starindex |
14346 |
|
@end ignore |
14347 |
@tindex Prime |
@tindex Prime |
14348 |
@ignore |
@ignore |
14349 |
@starindex |
@starindex |
14352 |
@ignore |
@ignore |
14353 |
@starindex |
@starindex |
14354 |
@end ignore |
@end ignore |
14355 |
|
@tindex Tilde |
14356 |
|
@ignore |
14357 |
|
@starindex |
14358 |
|
@end ignore |
14359 |
@tindex under |
@tindex under |
14360 |
@ignore |
@ignore |
14361 |
@starindex |
@starindex |
14362 |
@end ignore |
@end ignore |
14363 |
@tindex Vec |
@tindex Vec |
14364 |
|
@ignore |
14365 |
|
@starindex |
14366 |
|
@end ignore |
14367 |
|
@tindex VEC |
14368 |
@iftex |
@iftex |
14369 |
@endgroup |
@endgroup |
14370 |
@end iftex |
@end iftex |
14371 |
@example |
@example |
14372 |
Calc TeX eqn |
Calc TeX LaTeX eqn |
14373 |
---- --- --- |
---- --- ----- --- |
14374 |
acute \acute |
acute \acute \acute |
14375 |
bar \bar bar |
Acute \Acute |
14376 |
breve \breve |
bar \bar \bar bar |
14377 |
check \check |
Bar \Bar |
14378 |
dot \dot dot |
breve \breve \breve |
14379 |
dotdot \ddot dotdot |
Breve \Breve |
14380 |
dyad dyad |
check \check \check |
14381 |
grave \grave |
Check \Check |
14382 |
hat \hat hat |
dddot \dddot |
14383 |
Prime prime |
ddddot \ddddot |
14384 |
tilde \tilde tilde |
dot \dot \dot dot |
14385 |
under \underline under |
Dot \Dot |
14386 |
Vec \vec vec |
dotdot \ddot \ddot dotdot |
14387 |
|
DotDot \Ddot |
14388 |
|
dyad dyad |
14389 |
|
grave \grave \grave |
14390 |
|
Grave \Grave |
14391 |
|
hat \hat \hat hat |
14392 |
|
Hat \Hat |
14393 |
|
Prime prime |
14394 |
|
tilde \tilde \tilde tilde |
14395 |
|
Tilde \Tilde |
14396 |
|
under \underline \underline under |
14397 |
|
Vec \vec \vec vec |
14398 |
|
VEC \Vec |
14399 |
@end example |
@end example |
14400 |
|
|
14401 |
The @samp{=>} (evaluates-to) operator appears as a @code{\to} symbol: |
The @samp{=>} (evaluates-to) operator appears as a @code{\to} symbol: |
14432 |
\evalto |
\evalto |
14433 |
@end example |
@end example |
14434 |
|
|
14435 |
Note that, because these symbols are ignored, reading a @TeX{} formula |
Note that, because these symbols are ignored, reading a @TeX{} or |
14436 |
into Calc and writing it back out may lose spacing and font information. |
@LaTeX{} formula into Calc and writing it back out may lose spacing and |
14437 |
|
font information. |
14438 |
|
|
14439 |
Also, the ``discretionary multiplication sign'' @samp{\*} is read |
Also, the ``discretionary multiplication sign'' @samp{\*} is read |
14440 |
the same as @samp{*}. |
the same as @samp{*}. |
14562 |
@sp 2 |
@sp 2 |
14563 |
@end iftex |
@end iftex |
14564 |
|
|
14565 |
@node Eqn Language Mode, Mathematica Language Mode, TeX Language Mode, Language Modes |
@node Eqn Language Mode, Mathematica Language Mode, TeX and LaTeX Language Modes, Language Modes |
14566 |
@subsection Eqn Language Mode |
@subsection Eqn Language Mode |
14567 |
|
|
14568 |
@noindent |
@noindent |
14604 |
symbol (these are used to introduce spaces of various widths into |
symbol (these are used to introduce spaces of various widths into |
14605 |
the typeset output of @dfn{eqn}). |
the typeset output of @dfn{eqn}). |
14606 |
|
|
14607 |
As in @TeX{} mode, Calc's formatter omits parentheses around the |
As in @LaTeX{} mode, Calc's formatter omits parentheses around the |
14608 |
arguments of functions like @code{ln} and @code{sin} if they are |
arguments of functions like @code{ln} and @code{sin} if they are |
14609 |
``simple-looking''; in this case Calc surrounds the argument with |
``simple-looking''; in this case Calc surrounds the argument with |
14610 |
braces, separated by a @samp{~} from the function name: @samp{sin~@{x@}}. |
braces, separated by a @samp{~} from the function name: @samp{sin~@{x@}}. |
14618 |
of quotes in @dfn{eqn}, but it is good enough for most uses. |
of quotes in @dfn{eqn}, but it is good enough for most uses. |
14619 |
|
|
14620 |
Accent codes (@samp{@var{x} dot}) are handled by treating them as |
Accent codes (@samp{@var{x} dot}) are handled by treating them as |
14621 |
function calls (@samp{dot(@var{x})}) internally. @xref{TeX Language |
function calls (@samp{dot(@var{x})}) internally. |
14622 |
Mode}, for a table of these accent functions. The @code{prime} accent |
@xref{TeX and LaTeX Language Modes}, for a table of these accent |
14623 |
is treated specially if it occurs on a variable or function name: |
functions. The @code{prime} accent is treated specially if it occurs on |
14624 |
@samp{f prime prime @w{( x prime )}} is stored internally as |
a variable or function name: @samp{f prime prime @w{( x prime )}} is |
14625 |
@samp{f'@w{'}(x')}. For example, taking the derivative of @samp{f(2 x)} |
stored internally as @samp{f'@w{'}(x')}. For example, taking the |
14626 |
with @kbd{a d x} will produce @samp{2 f'(2 x)}, which @dfn{eqn} mode |
derivative of @samp{f(2 x)} with @kbd{a d x} will produce @samp{2 f'(2 |
14627 |
will display as @samp{2 f prime ( 2 x )}. |
x)}, which @dfn{eqn} mode will display as @samp{2 f prime ( 2 x )}. |
14628 |
|
|
14629 |
Assignments are written with the @samp{<-} (left-arrow) symbol, |
Assignments are written with the @samp{<-} (left-arrow) symbol, |
14630 |
and @code{evalto} operators are written with @samp{->} or |
and @code{evalto} operators are written with @samp{->} or |
14631 |
@samp{evalto ... ->} (@pxref{TeX Language Mode}, for a discussion |
@samp{evalto ... ->} (@pxref{TeX and LaTeX Language Modes}, for a discussion |
14632 |
of this). The regular Calc symbols @samp{:=} and @samp{=>} are also |
of this). The regular Calc symbols @samp{:=} and @samp{=>} are also |
14633 |
recognized for these operators during reading. |
recognized for these operators during reading. |
14634 |
|
|
15933 |
FORTRAN language mode (@kbd{d F}). |
FORTRAN language mode (@kbd{d F}). |
15934 |
|
|
15935 |
@item TeX |
@item TeX |
15936 |
@TeX{} language mode (@kbd{d T}; @pxref{TeX Language Mode}). |
@TeX{} language mode (@kbd{d T}; @pxref{TeX and LaTeX Language Modes}). |
15937 |
|
|
15938 |
|
@item LaTeX |
15939 |
|
@LaTeX{} language mode (@kbd{d L}; @pxref{TeX and LaTeX Language Modes}). |
15940 |
|
|
15941 |
@item Eqn |
@item Eqn |
15942 |
@dfn{Eqn} language mode (@kbd{d E}; @pxref{Eqn Language Mode}). |
@dfn{Eqn} language mode (@kbd{d E}; @pxref{Eqn Language Mode}). |
28350 |
@cindex @samp{=>} operator |
@cindex @samp{=>} operator |
28351 |
The special algebraic symbol @samp{=>} is known as the @dfn{evaluates-to |
The special algebraic symbol @samp{=>} is known as the @dfn{evaluates-to |
28352 |
operator}. (It will show up as an @code{evalto} function call in |
operator}. (It will show up as an @code{evalto} function call in |
28353 |
other language modes like Pascal and @TeX{}.) This is a binary |
other language modes like Pascal and @LaTeX{}.) This is a binary |
28354 |
operator, that is, it has a lefthand and a righthand argument, |
operator, that is, it has a lefthand and a righthand argument, |
28355 |
although it can be entered with the righthand argument omitted. |
although it can be entered with the righthand argument omitted. |
28356 |
|
|
28465 |
(@code{calc-assign}) [@code{assign}] command which takes a variable |
(@code{calc-assign}) [@code{assign}] command which takes a variable |
28466 |
and value from the stack and replaces them with an assignment. |
and value from the stack and replaces them with an assignment. |
28467 |
|
|
28468 |
@xref{TeX Language Mode}, for the way @samp{=>} appears in |
@xref{TeX and LaTeX Language Modes}, for the way @samp{=>} appears in |
28469 |
@TeX{} language output. The @dfn{eqn} mode gives similar |
@TeX{} language output. The @dfn{eqn} mode gives similar |
28470 |
treatment to @samp{=>}. |
treatment to @samp{=>}. |
28471 |
|
|
29868 |
The @TeX{} and La@TeX{} math delimiters @samp{$ $}, @samp{$$ $$}, |
The @TeX{} and La@TeX{} math delimiters @samp{$ $}, @samp{$$ $$}, |
29869 |
@samp{\[ \]}, and @samp{\( \)}; |
@samp{\[ \]}, and @samp{\( \)}; |
29870 |
@item |
@item |
29871 |
Lines beginning with @samp{\begin} and @samp{\end}; |
Lines beginning with @samp{\begin} and @samp{\end} (except matrix delimiters); |
29872 |
@item |
@item |
29873 |
Lines beginning with @samp{@@} (Texinfo delimiters). |
Lines beginning with @samp{@@} (Texinfo delimiters). |
29874 |
@item |
@item |
30005 |
When Embedded mode ``activates'' a formula, i.e., when it examines |
When Embedded mode ``activates'' a formula, i.e., when it examines |
30006 |
the formula for the first time since the buffer was created or |
the formula for the first time since the buffer was created or |
30007 |
loaded, Calc tries to sense the language in which the formula was |
loaded, Calc tries to sense the language in which the formula was |
30008 |
written. If the formula contains any @TeX{}-like @samp{\} sequences, |
written. If the formula contains any @LaTeX{}-like @samp{\} sequences, |
30009 |
it is parsed (i.e., read) in @TeX{} mode. If the formula appears to |
it is parsed (i.e., read) in @LaTeX{} mode. If the formula appears to |
30010 |
be written in multi-line Big mode, it is parsed in Big mode. Otherwise, |
be written in multi-line Big mode, it is parsed in Big mode. Otherwise, |
30011 |
it is parsed according to the current language mode. |
it is parsed according to the current language mode. |
30012 |
|
|
30013 |
Note that Calc does not change the current language mode according |
Note that Calc does not change the current language mode according |
30014 |
to what it finds. Even though it can read a @TeX{} formula when |
to what it finds. Even though it can read a @LaTeX{} formula when |
30015 |
not in @TeX{} mode, it will immediately rewrite this formula using |
not in @LaTeX{} mode, it will immediately rewrite this formula using |
30016 |
whatever language mode is in effect. You must then type @kbd{d T} |
whatever language mode is in effect. You must then type @kbd{d L} |
30017 |
to switch Calc permanently into @TeX{} mode if that is what you |
to switch Calc permanently into @LaTeX{} mode if that is what you |
30018 |
desire. |
desire. |
30019 |
|
|
30020 |
@tex |
@tex |
30035 |
|
|
30036 |
Plain formulas are preceded and followed by @samp{%%%} signs |
Plain formulas are preceded and followed by @samp{%%%} signs |
30037 |
by default. This notation has the advantage that the @samp{%} |
by default. This notation has the advantage that the @samp{%} |
30038 |
character begins a comment in @TeX{}, so if your formula is |
character begins a comment in @TeX{} and @LaTeX{}, so if your formula is |
30039 |
embedded in a @TeX{} document its plain version will be |
embedded in a @TeX{} or @LaTeX{} document its plain version will be |
30040 |
invisible in the final printed copy. @xref{Customizing |
invisible in the final printed copy. @xref{Customizing |
30041 |
Embedded Mode}, to see how to change the ``plain'' formula |
Embedded Mode}, to see how to change the ``plain'' formula |
30042 |
delimiters, say to something that @dfn{eqn} or some other |
delimiters, say to something that @dfn{eqn} or some other |
30326 |
@noindent |
@noindent |
30327 |
where the leading and trailing @samp{---} can be replaced by |
where the leading and trailing @samp{---} can be replaced by |
30328 |
any suitable strings (which must be the same on all three lines) |
any suitable strings (which must be the same on all three lines) |
30329 |
or omitted altogether; in a @TeX{} file, @samp{%} would be a good |
or omitted altogether; in a @TeX{} or @LaTeX{} file, @samp{%} would be a good |
30330 |
leading string and no trailing string would be necessary. In a |
leading string and no trailing string would be necessary. In a |
30331 |
C program, @samp{/*} and @samp{*/} would be good leading and |
C program, @samp{/*} and @samp{*/} would be good leading and |
30332 |
trailing strings. |
trailing strings. |
35092 |
@r{ @: d O @: @: 50 @:calc-flat-language@:} |
@r{ @: d O @: @: 50 @:calc-flat-language@:} |
35093 |
@r{ @: d P @: @: 50 @:calc-pascal-language@:} |
@r{ @: d P @: @: 50 @:calc-pascal-language@:} |
35094 |
@r{ @: d T @: @: 50 @:calc-tex-language@:} |
@r{ @: d T @: @: 50 @:calc-tex-language@:} |
35095 |
|
@r{ @: d L @: @: 50 @:calc-latex-language@:} |
35096 |
@r{ @: d U @: @: 50 @:calc-unformatted-language@:} |
@r{ @: d U @: @: 50 @:calc-unformatted-language@:} |
35097 |
@r{ @: d W @: @: 50 @:calc-maple-language@:} |
@r{ @: d W @: @: 50 @:calc-maple-language@:} |
35098 |
|
|