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revision 1.31.2.1 by miles, Fri Apr 4 06:20:42 2003 UTC revision 1.31.2.2 by miles, Tue Oct 14 23:10:12 2003 UTC
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1  @c -*-texinfo-*-  @c -*-texinfo-*-
2  @c This is part of the GNU Emacs Lisp Reference Manual.  @c This is part of the GNU Emacs Lisp Reference Manual.
3  @c Copyright (C) 1990, 1991, 1992, 1993, 1994, 1995, 1998, 1999  @c Copyright (C) 1990, 1991, 1992, 1993, 1994, 1995, 1998, 1999, 2003
4  @c   Free Software Foundation, Inc.  @c   Free Software Foundation, Inc.
5  @c See the file elisp.texi for copying conditions.  @c See the file elisp.texi for copying conditions.
6  @setfilename ../info/objects  @setfilename ../info/objects
# Line 258  character @kbd{a}. Line 258  character @kbd{a}.
258    
259    You can use the same syntax for punctuation characters, but it is    You can use the same syntax for punctuation characters, but it is
260  often a good idea to add a @samp{\} so that the Emacs commands for  often a good idea to add a @samp{\} so that the Emacs commands for
261  editing Lisp code don't get confused.  For example, @samp{?\ } is the  editing Lisp code don't get confused.  For example, @samp{?\(} is the
262  way to write the space character.  If the character is @samp{\}, you  way to write the open-paren character.  If the character is @samp{\},
263  @emph{must} use a second @samp{\} to quote it: @samp{?\\}.  you @emph{must} use a second @samp{\} to quote it: @samp{?\\}.
264    
265  @cindex whitespace  @cindex whitespace
266  @cindex bell character  @cindex bell character
# Line 281  way to write the space character.  If th Line 281  way to write the space character.  If th
281  @cindex @samp{\e}  @cindex @samp{\e}
282  @cindex space  @cindex space
283  @cindex @samp{\s}  @cindex @samp{\s}
284    You can express the characters Control-g, backspace, tab, newline,    You can express the characters control-g, backspace, tab, newline,
285  vertical tab, formfeed, space, return, del, and escape as @samp{?\a},  vertical tab, formfeed, space, return, del, and escape as @samp{?\a},
286  @samp{?\b}, @samp{?\t}, @samp{?\n}, @samp{?\v}, @samp{?\f},  @samp{?\b}, @samp{?\t}, @samp{?\n}, @samp{?\v}, @samp{?\f},
287  @samp{?\r}, @samp{?\d}, @samp{?\e}, and @samp{?\s}, respectively.  Thus,  @samp{?\s}, @samp{?\r}, @samp{?\d}, and @samp{?\e}, respectively.
288    Thus,
289    
290  @example  @example
291  ?\a @result{} 7                 ; @r{@kbd{C-g}}  ?\a @result{} 7                 ; @r{control-g, @kbd{C-g}}
292  ?\b @result{} 8                 ; @r{backspace, @key{BS}, @kbd{C-h}}  ?\b @result{} 8                 ; @r{backspace, @key{BS}, @kbd{C-h}}
293  ?\t @result{} 9                 ; @r{tab, @key{TAB}, @kbd{C-i}}  ?\t @result{} 9                 ; @r{tab, @key{TAB}, @kbd{C-i}}
294  ?\n @result{} 10                ; @r{newline, @kbd{C-j}}  ?\n @result{} 10                ; @r{newline, @kbd{C-j}}
# Line 302  vertical tab, formfeed, space, return, d Line 303  vertical tab, formfeed, space, return, d
303    
304  @cindex escape sequence  @cindex escape sequence
305    These sequences which start with backslash are also known as    These sequences which start with backslash are also known as
306  @dfn{escape sequences}, because backslash plays the role of an escape  @dfn{escape sequences}, because backslash plays the role of an
307  character; this usage has nothing to do with the character @key{ESC}.  ``escape character''; this terminology has nothing to do with the
308    character @key{ESC}.  @samp{\s} is meant for use only in character
309    constants; in string constants, just write the space.
310    
311  @cindex control characters  @cindex control characters
312    Control characters may be represented using yet another read syntax.    Control characters may be represented using yet another read syntax.
# Line 406  represents the shifted-control-o charact Line 409  represents the shifted-control-o charact
409  @cindex hyper characters  @cindex hyper characters
410  @cindex super characters  @cindex super characters
411  @cindex alt characters  @cindex alt characters
412    The X Window System defines three other modifier bits that can be set    The X Window System defines three other @anchor{modifier bits}
413    modifier bits that can be set
414  in a character: @dfn{hyper}, @dfn{super} and @dfn{alt}.  The syntaxes  in a character: @dfn{hyper}, @dfn{super} and @dfn{alt}.  The syntaxes
415  for these bits are @samp{\H-}, @samp{\s-} and @samp{\A-}.  (Case is  for these bits are @samp{\H-}, @samp{\s-} and @samp{\A-}.  (Case is
416  significant in these prefixes.)  Thus, @samp{?\H-\M-\A-x} represents  significant in these prefixes.)  Thus, @samp{?\H-\M-\A-x} represents
417  @kbd{Alt-Hyper-Meta-x}.  Note that @samp{\s} (without the @samp{-})  @kbd{Alt-Hyper-Meta-x}.  (Note that @samp{\s} with no following @samp{-}
418  represents the space character.  represents the space character.)
419  @tex  @tex
420  Numerically, the  Numerically, the
421  bit values are @math{2^{22}} for alt, @math{2^{23}} for super and @math{2^{24}} for hyper.  bit values are @math{2^{22}} for alt, @math{2^{23}} for super and @math{2^{24}} for hyper.
# Line 457  a special escape meaning; thus, @samp{?\ Line 461  a special escape meaning; thus, @samp{?\
461  There is no reason to add a backslash before most characters.  However,  There is no reason to add a backslash before most characters.  However,
462  you should add a backslash before any of the characters  you should add a backslash before any of the characters
463  @samp{()\|;'`"#.,} to avoid confusing the Emacs commands for editing  @samp{()\|;'`"#.,} to avoid confusing the Emacs commands for editing
464  Lisp code.  Also add a backslash before whitespace characters such as  Lisp code.  You can also add a backslash before whitespace characters such as
465  space, tab, newline and formfeed.  However, it is cleaner to use one of  space, tab, newline and formfeed.  However, it is cleaner to use one of
466  the easily readable escape sequences, such as @samp{\t} or @samp{\s},  the easily readable escape sequences, such as @samp{\t} or @samp{\s},
467  instead of an actual whitespace character such as a tab or a space.  instead of an actual whitespace character such as a tab or a space.
468    (If you do write backslash followed by a space, you should write
469    an extra space after the character constant to separate it from the
470    following text.)
471    
472  @node Symbol Type  @node Symbol Type
473  @subsection Symbol Type  @subsection Symbol Type
# Line 508  Lisp, upper case and lower case letters Line 515  Lisp, upper case and lower case letters
515    
516    Here are several examples of symbol names.  Note that the @samp{+} in    Here are several examples of symbol names.  Note that the @samp{+} in
517  the fifth example is escaped to prevent it from being read as a number.  the fifth example is escaped to prevent it from being read as a number.
518  This is not necessary in the sixth example because the rest of the name  This is not necessary in the seventh example because the rest of the name
519  makes it invalid as a number.  makes it invalid as a number.
520    
521  @example  @example
# Line 1896  returns @code{t} if and only if both the Line 1903  returns @code{t} if and only if both the
1903    
1904  Because of this recursive method, circular lists may therefore cause  Because of this recursive method, circular lists may therefore cause
1905  infinite recursion (leading to an error).  infinite recursion (leading to an error).
1906    
1907    @ignore
1908       arch-tag: 9711a66e-4749-4265-9e8c-972d55b67096
1909    @end ignore

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