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revision 1.21.2.2 by miles, Thu Sep 9 09:36:33 2004 UTC revision 1.21.2.3 by miles, Thu Oct 14 08:50:07 2004 UTC
# Line 1  Line 1 
1  @c \input texinfo                                  @c -*-texinfo-*-  \input texinfo                                  @c -*-texinfo-*-
2  @comment %**start of header  @comment %**start of header
3  @setfilename ../info/eintr  @setfilename ../info/eintr
4    @c setfilename emacs-lisp-intro.info
5  @c sethtmlfilename emacs-lisp-intro.html  @c sethtmlfilename emacs-lisp-intro.html
6  @settitle Programming in Emacs Lisp  @settitle Programming in Emacs Lisp
7  @syncodeindex vr cp  @syncodeindex vr cp
# Line 21  Line 22 
22    
23  @comment %**end of header  @comment %**end of header
24    
25  @set edition-number 2.12  @set edition-number 2.14
26  @set update-date 2003 Nov 19  @set update-date 2004 Oct 12
27    
28  @ignore  @ignore
29   ## Summary of shell commands to create various output formats:   ## Summary of shell commands to create various output formats:
# Line 61  Line 62 
62        ## View Info output with standalone reader        ## View Info output with standalone reader
63        info emacs-lisp-intro.info        info emacs-lisp-intro.info
64    
65     ## popd
66    
67  @end ignore  @end ignore
68    
69  @c ================ Included Figures ================  @c ================ Included Figures ================
# Line 180  people who are not programmers. Line 183  people who are not programmers.
183  Edition @value{edition-number}, @value{update-date}  Edition @value{edition-number}, @value{update-date}
184  @sp 1  @sp 1
185  Copyright @copyright{} 1990, 1991, 1992, 1993, 1994, 1995, 1997, 2001,  Copyright @copyright{} 1990, 1991, 1992, 1993, 1994, 1995, 1997, 2001,
186  2002, 2003 Free Software Foundation, Inc.  2002, 2003, 2004 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
187  @sp 1  @sp 1
188    
189  @iftex  @iftex
# Line 1050  Robert J. Chassell Line 1053  Robert J. Chassell
1053  @chapter List Processing  @chapter List Processing
1054    
1055  To the untutored eye, Lisp is a strange programming language.  In Lisp  To the untutored eye, Lisp is a strange programming language.  In Lisp
1056  code there are parentheses everywhere.  Some people even claim that the  code there are parentheses everywhere.  Some people even claim that
1057  name stands for `Lots of Isolated Silly Parentheses'.  But the claim is  the name stands for `Lots of Isolated Silly Parentheses'.  But the
1058  unwarranted.  Lisp stands for LISt Processing, and the programming  claim is unwarranted.  Lisp stands for LISt Processing, and the
1059  language handles @emph{lists} (and lists of lists) by putting them  programming language handles @emph{lists} (and lists of lists) by
1060  between parentheses.  The parentheses mark the boundaries of the list.  putting them between parentheses.  The parentheses mark the boundaries
1061  Sometimes a list is preceded by a single apostrophe or quotation mark,  of the list.  Sometimes a list is preceded by a single apostrophe or
1062  @samp{'}.  Lists are the basis of Lisp.  quotation mark, @samp{'}@footnote{The single apostrophe or quotation
1063    mark is an abbreviation for the function @code{quote}; you need not
1064    think about functions now; functions are defined in @ref{Making
1065    Errors, , Generate an Error Message}.}  Lists are the basis of Lisp.
1066    
1067  @menu  @menu
1068  * Lisp Lists::                  What are lists?  * Lisp Lists::                  What are lists?
# Line 2135  Debugger entered--Lisp error: Line 2141  Debugger entered--Lisp error:
2141    
2142  @need 1250  @need 1250
2143  As usual, the error message tries to be helpful and makes sense after you  As usual, the error message tries to be helpful and makes sense after you
2144  learn how to read it.  learn how to read it.@footnote{@code{(quote hello)} is an expansion of
2145    the abbreviation @code{'hello}.}
2146    
2147  The first part of the error message is straightforward; it says  The first part of the error message is straightforward; it says
2148  @samp{wrong type argument}.  Next comes the mysterious jargon word  @samp{wrong type argument}.  Next comes the mysterious jargon word
# Line 4002  the @dfn{else-part}, for the case when t Line 4009  the @dfn{else-part}, for the case when t
4009  false.  When this happens, the second argument or then-part of the  false.  When this happens, the second argument or then-part of the
4010  overall @code{if} expression is @emph{not} evaluated, but the third or  overall @code{if} expression is @emph{not} evaluated, but the third or
4011  else-part @emph{is} evaluated.  You might think of this as the cloudy  else-part @emph{is} evaluated.  You might think of this as the cloudy
4012  day alternative for the decision `if it is warm and sunny, then go to  day alternative for the decision ``if it is warm and sunny, then go to
4013  the beach, else read a book!''.  the beach, else read a book!''.
4014    
4015  The word ``else'' is not written in the Lisp code; the else-part of an  The word ``else'' is not written in the Lisp code; the else-part of an
# Line 14924  Here is the function: Line 14931  Here is the function:
14931         ((eq t (car (cdr (car current-directory-list))))         ((eq t (car (cdr (car current-directory-list))))
14932          ;; decide whether to skip or recurse          ;; decide whether to skip or recurse
14933          (if          (if
14934              (equal (or "." "..")              (equal "."
14935                     (substring (car (car current-directory-list)) -1))                     (substring (car (car current-directory-list)) -1))
14936              ;; then do nothing if filename is that of              ;; then do nothing since filename is that of
14937              ;;   current directory or parent              ;;   current directory or parent, "." or ".."
14938              ()              ()
14939  @end group  @end group
14940  @group  @group
# Line 17118  problem recently.) Line 17125  problem recently.)
17125  @item  Ignore case when using `grep'@*  @item  Ignore case when using `grep'@*
17126  @samp{-n}@w{  }   Prefix each line of output with line number@*  @samp{-n}@w{  }   Prefix each line of output with line number@*
17127  @samp{-i}@w{  }   Ignore case distinctions@*  @samp{-i}@w{  }   Ignore case distinctions@*
17128  @samp{-e}@w{  }   Protect patterns beginning with a hyphen character, @samp{-}  @samp{-e}@w{  }   Protect patterns beginning with a hyphen character, @samp{-}
17129    
17130  @smallexample  @smallexample
17131  (setq grep-command "grep  -n -i -e ")  (setq grep-command "grep  -n -i -e ")
# Line 17159  If you want to write with Chinese `GB' c Line 17166  If you want to write with Chinese `GB' c
17166  @end itemize  @end itemize
17167    
17168  @subsubheading Fixing Unpleasant Key Bindings  @subsubheading Fixing Unpleasant Key Bindings
17169  @cindex Key bindings, fixing  @cindex Key bindings, fixing
17170  @cindex Bindings, key, fixing unpleasant  @cindex Bindings, key, fixing unpleasant
17171    
17172  Some systems bind keys unpleasantly.  Sometimes, for example, the  Some systems bind keys unpleasantly.  Sometimes, for example, the
# Line 18018  beginning. Line 18025  beginning.
18025    
18026  Sometimes when you you write text, you duplicate words---as with ``you  Sometimes when you you write text, you duplicate words---as with ``you
18027  you'' near the beginning of this sentence.  I find that most  you'' near the beginning of this sentence.  I find that most
18028  frequently, I duplicate ``the'; hence, I call the function for  frequently, I duplicate ``the''; hence, I call the function for
18029  detecting duplicated words, @code{the-the}.  detecting duplicated words, @code{the-the}.
18030    
18031  @need 1250  @need 1250
# Line 20638  each column." Line 20645  each column."
20645  @end smallexample  @end smallexample
20646  @end ifnottex  @end ifnottex
20647    
20648    @c qqq
20649  @ignore  @ignore
20650  Graphing Definitions Re-listed  Graphing Definitions Re-listed
20651    
# Line 21137  each column." Line 21145  each column."
21145      (print-X-axis numbers-list horizontal-step)))      (print-X-axis numbers-list horizontal-step)))
21146  @end group  @end group
21147  @end smallexample  @end smallexample
21148    @c qqq
21149  @end ignore  @end ignore
21150    
21151  @page  @page

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