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.TH GFDL 1 "2001 April 23" |
.TH GFDL 1 "2005 September 17" |
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.UC 4 |
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.SH NAME |
.SH NAME |
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GFDL \- The GNU Free Documentation License |
GFDL \- The GNU Free Documentation License |
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.ce |
.ce |
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Version 1.1, March 2000 |
Version 1.2, November 2002 |
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.hy 0 |
.hy 0 |
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.na |
.na |
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.SH 0. PREAMBLE |
.SH 0. PREAMBLE |
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The purpose of this License is to make a manual, textbook, or other |
The purpose of this License is to make a manual, textbook, or other |
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written document "free" in the sense of freedom: to assure everyone |
functional and useful document "free" in the sense of freedom: to |
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the effective freedom to copy and redistribute it, with or without |
assure everyone the effective freedom to copy and redistribute it, |
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modifying it, either commercially or noncommercially. Secondarily, |
with or without modifying it, either commercially or noncommercially. |
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this License preserves for the author and publisher a way to get |
Secondarily, this License preserves for the author and publisher a way |
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credit for their work, while not being considered responsible for |
to get credit for their work, while not being considered responsible |
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modifications made by others. |
for modifications made by others. |
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This License is a kind of "copyleft", which means that derivative |
This License is a kind of "copyleft", which means that derivative |
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works of the document must themselves be free in the same sense. It |
works of the document must themselves be free in the same sense. It |
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.SH 1. APPLICABILITY AND DEFINITIONS |
.SH 1. APPLICABILITY AND DEFINITIONS |
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This License applies to any manual or other work that contains a |
This License applies to any manual or other work, in any medium, that |
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notice placed by the copyright holder saying it can be distributed |
contains a notice placed by the copyright holder saying it can be |
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under the terms of this License. The "Document", below, refers to any |
distributed under the terms of this License. Such a notice grants a |
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such manual or work. Any member of the public is a licensee, and is |
world-wide, royalty-free license, unlimited in duration, to use that |
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addressed as "you." |
work under the conditions stated herein. The "Document", below, |
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refers to any such manual or work. Any member of the public is a |
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licensee, and is addressed as "you". You accept the license if you |
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copy, modify or distribute the work in a way requiring permission |
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under copyright law. |
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A "Modified Version" of the Document means any work containing the |
A "Modified Version" of the Document means any work containing the |
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Document or a portion of it, either copied verbatim, or with |
Document or a portion of it, either copied verbatim, or with |
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the Document that deals exclusively with the relationship of the |
the Document that deals exclusively with the relationship of the |
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publishers or authors of the Document to the Document's overall subject |
publishers or authors of the Document to the Document's overall subject |
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(or to related matters) and contains nothing that could fall directly |
(or to related matters) and contains nothing that could fall directly |
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within that overall subject. (For example, if the Document is in part a |
within that overall subject. (Thus, if the Document is in part a |
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textbook of mathematics, a Secondary Section may not explain any |
textbook of mathematics, a Secondary Section may not explain any |
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mathematics.) The relationship could be a matter of historical |
mathematics.) The relationship could be a matter of historical |
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connection with the subject or with related matters, or of legal, |
connection with the subject or with related matters, or of legal, |
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The "Invariant Sections" are certain Secondary Sections whose titles |
The "Invariant Sections" are certain Secondary Sections whose titles |
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are designated, as being those of Invariant Sections, in the notice |
are designated, as being those of Invariant Sections, in the notice |
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that says that the Document is released under this License. |
that says that the Document is released under this License. If a |
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section does not fit the above definition of Secondary then it is not |
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allowed to be designated as Invariant. The Document may contain zero |
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Invariant Sections. If the Document does not identify any Invariant |
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Sections then there are none. |
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The "Cover Texts" are certain short passages of text that are listed, |
The "Cover Texts" are certain short passages of text that are listed, |
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as Front-Cover Texts or Back-Cover Texts, in the notice that says that |
as Front-Cover Texts or Back-Cover Texts, in the notice that says that |
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the Document is released under this License. |
the Document is released under this License. A Front-Cover Text may |
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be at most 5 words, and a Back-Cover Text may be at most 25 words. |
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A "Transparent" copy of the Document means a machine-readable copy, |
A "Transparent" copy of the Document means a machine-readable copy, |
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represented in a format whose specification is available to the |
represented in a format whose specification is available to the |
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general public, whose contents can be viewed and edited directly and |
general public, that is suitable for revising the document |
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straightforwardly with generic text editors or (for images composed of |
straightforwardly with generic text editors or (for images composed of |
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pixels) generic paint programs or (for drawings) some widely available |
pixels) generic paint programs or (for drawings) some widely available |
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drawing editor, and that is suitable for input to text formatters or |
drawing editor, and that is suitable for input to text formatters or |
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for automatic translation to a variety of formats suitable for input |
for automatic translation to a variety of formats suitable for input |
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to text formatters. A copy made in an otherwise Transparent file |
to text formatters. A copy made in an otherwise Transparent file |
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format whose markup has been designed to thwart or discourage |
format whose markup, or absence of markup, has been arranged to thwart |
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subsequent modification by readers is not Transparent. A copy that is |
or discourage subsequent modification by readers is not Transparent. |
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not "Transparent" is called "Opaque." |
An image format is not Transparent if used for any substantial amount |
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of text. A copy that is not "Transparent" is called "Opaque". |
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Examples of suitable formats for Transparent copies include plain |
Examples of suitable formats for Transparent copies include plain |
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ASCII without markup, Texinfo input format, LaTeX input format, SGML |
ASCII without markup, Texinfo input format, LaTeX input format, SGML |
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or XML using a publicly available DTD, and standard-conforming simple |
or XML using a publicly available DTD, and standard-conforming simple |
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HTML designed for human modification. Opaque formats include |
HTML, PostScript or PDF designed for human modification. Examples of |
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PostScript, PDF, proprietary formats that can be read and edited only |
transparent image formats include PNG, XCF and JPG. Opaque formats |
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by proprietary word processors, SGML or XML for which the DTD and/or |
include proprietary formats that can be read and edited only by |
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proprietary word processors, SGML or XML for which the DTD and/or |
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processing tools are not generally available, and the |
processing tools are not generally available, and the |
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machine-generated HTML produced by some word processors for output |
machine-generated HTML, PostScript or PDF produced by some word |
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purposes only. |
processors for output purposes only. |
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The "Title Page" means, for a printed book, the title page itself, |
The "Title Page" means, for a printed book, the title page itself, |
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plus such following pages as are needed to hold, legibly, the material |
plus such following pages as are needed to hold, legibly, the material |
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the text near the most prominent appearance of the work's title, |
the text near the most prominent appearance of the work's title, |
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preceding the beginning of the body of the text. |
preceding the beginning of the body of the text. |
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A section "Entitled XYZ" means a named subunit of the Document whose |
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title either is precisely XYZ or contains XYZ in parentheses following |
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text that translates XYZ in another language. (Here XYZ stands for a |
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specific section name mentioned below, such as "Acknowledgements", |
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"Dedications", "Endorsements", or "History".) To "Preserve the Title" |
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of such a section when you modify the Document means that it remains a |
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section "Entitled XYZ" according to this definition. |
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The Document may include Warranty Disclaimers next to the notice which |
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states that this License applies to the Document. These Warranty |
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Disclaimers are considered to be included by reference in this |
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License, but only as regards disclaiming warranties: any other |
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implication that these Warranty Disclaimers may have is void and has |
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no effect on the meaning of this License. |
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.SH 2. VERBATIM COPYING |
.SH 2. VERBATIM COPYING |
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You may copy and distribute the Document in any medium, either |
You may copy and distribute the Document in any medium, either |
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.SH 3. COPYING IN QUANTITY |
.SH 3. COPYING IN QUANTITY |
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If you publish printed copies of the Document numbering more than 100, |
If you publish printed copies (or copies in media that commonly have |
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and the Document's license notice requires Cover Texts, you must enclose |
printed covers) of the Document, numbering more than 100, and the |
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the copies in covers that carry, clearly and legibly, all these Cover |
Document's license notice requires Cover Texts, you must enclose the |
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copies in covers that carry, clearly and legibly, all these Cover |
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Texts: Front-Cover Texts on the front cover, and Back-Cover Texts on |
Texts: Front-Cover Texts on the front cover, and Back-Cover Texts on |
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the back cover. Both covers must also clearly and legibly identify |
the back cover. Both covers must also clearly and legibly identify |
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you as the publisher of these copies. The front cover must present |
you as the publisher of these copies. The front cover must present |
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If you publish or distribute Opaque copies of the Document numbering |
If you publish or distribute Opaque copies of the Document numbering |
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more than 100, you must either include a machine-readable Transparent |
more than 100, you must either include a machine-readable Transparent |
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copy along with each Opaque copy, or state in or with each Opaque copy |
copy along with each Opaque copy, or state in or with each Opaque copy |
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a publicly-accessible computer-network location containing a complete |
a computer-network location from which the general network-using |
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Transparent copy of the Document, free of added material, which the |
public has access to download using public-standard network protocols |
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general network-using public has access to download anonymously at no |
a complete Transparent copy of the Document, free of added material. |
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charge using public-standard network protocols. If you use the latter |
If you use the latter option, you must take reasonably prudent steps, |
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option, you must take reasonably prudent steps, when you begin |
when you begin distribution of Opaque copies in quantity, to ensure |
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distribution of Opaque copies in quantity, to ensure that this |
that this Transparent copy will remain thus accessible at the stated |
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Transparent copy will remain thus accessible at the stated location |
location until at least one year after the last time you distribute an |
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until at least one year after the last time you distribute an Opaque |
Opaque copy (directly or through your agents or retailers) of that |
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copy (directly or through your agents or retailers) of that edition to |
edition to the public. |
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the public. |
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It is requested, but not required, that you contact the authors of the |
It is requested, but not required, that you contact the authors of the |
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Document well before redistributing any large number of copies, to give |
Document well before redistributing any large number of copies, to give |
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of it. In addition, you must do these things in the Modified Version: |
of it. In addition, you must do these things in the Modified Version: |
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.TP |
.TP |
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A. |
A. |
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Use in the Title Page (and on the covers, if any) a title distinct |
Use in the Title Page (and on the covers, if any) a title distinct from |
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from that of the Document, and from those of previous versions |
that of the Document, and from those of previous versions (which should, |
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(which should, if there were any, be listed in the History section |
if there were any, be listed in the History section of the Document). |
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of the Document). You may use the same title as a previous version |
You may use the same title as a previous version if the original |
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if the original publisher of that version gives permission. |
publisher of that version gives permission. |
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.TP |
.TP |
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B. |
B. |
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List on the Title Page, as authors, one or more persons or entities |
List on the Title Page, as authors, one or more persons or entities |
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responsible for authorship of the modifications in the Modified |
responsible for authorship of the modifications in the Modified Version, |
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Version, together with at least five of the principal authors of the |
together with at least five of the principal authors of the Document |
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Document (all of its principal authors, if it has less than five). |
(all of its principal authors, if it has fewer than five), unless they |
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release you from this requirement. |
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.TP |
.TP |
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C. |
C. |
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State on the Title page the name of the publisher of the |
State on the Title page the name of the publisher of the |
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.TP |
.TP |
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F. |
F. |
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Include, immediately after the copyright notices, a license notice |
Include, immediately after the copyright notices, a license notice |
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giving the public permission to use the Modified Version under the |
giving the public permission to use the Modified Version under the terms |
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terms of this License, in the form shown in the Addendum below. |
of this License, in the form shown in the Addendum below. |
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.TP |
.TP |
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G. |
G. |
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Preserve in that license notice the full lists of Invariant Sections |
Preserve in that license notice the full lists of Invariant Sections |
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Include an unaltered copy of this License. |
Include an unaltered copy of this License. |
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.TP |
.TP |
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I. |
I. |
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Preserve the section entitled "History", and its title, and add to |
Preserve the section Entitled "History", Preserve its Title, and add to |
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it an item stating at least the title, year, new authors, and |
it an item stating at least the title, year, new authors, and publisher |
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publisher of the Modified Version as given on the Title Page. If |
of the Modified Version as given on the Title Page. If there is no |
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there is no section entitled "History" in the Document, create one |
section Entitled "History" in the Document, create one stating the |
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stating the title, year, authors, and publisher of the Document as |
title, year, authors, and publisher of the Document as given on its |
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given on its Title Page, then add an item describing the Modified |
Title Page, then add an item describing the Modified Version as stated |
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Version as stated in the previous sentence. |
in the previous sentence. |
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.TP |
.TP |
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J. |
J. |
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Preserve the network location, if any, given in the Document for |
Preserve the network location, if any, given in the Document for public |
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public access to a Transparent copy of the Document, and likewise |
access to a Transparent copy of the Document, and likewise the network |
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the network locations given in the Document for previous versions |
locations given in the Document for previous versions it was based on. |
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it was based on. These may be placed in the "History" section. |
These may be placed in the "History" section. You may omit a network |
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You may omit a network location for a work that was published at |
location for a work that was published at least four years before the |
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least four years before the Document itself, or if the original |
Document itself, or if the original publisher of the version it refers |
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publisher of the version it refers to gives permission. |
to gives permission. |
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.TP |
.TP |
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K. |
K. |
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In any section entitled "Acknowledgements" or "Dedications", |
For any section Entitled "Acknowledgements" or "Dedications", Preserve |
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preserve the section's title, and preserve in the section all the |
the Title of the section, and preserve in the section all the substance |
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substance and tone of each of the contributor acknowledgements |
and tone of each of the contributor acknowledgements and/or dedications |
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and/or dedications given therein. |
given therein. |
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.TP |
.TP |
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L. |
L. |
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Preserve all the Invariant Sections of the Document, |
Preserve all the Invariant Sections of the Document, unaltered in their |
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unaltered in their text and in their titles. Section numbers |
text and in their titles. Section numbers or the equivalent are not |
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or the equivalent are not considered part of the section titles. |
considered part of the section titles. |
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.TP |
.TP |
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M. |
M. |
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Delete any section entitled "Endorsements." Such a section |
Delete any section Entitled "Endorsements". Such a section may not be |
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may not be included in the Modified Version. |
included in the Modified Version. |
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.TP |
.TP |
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N. |
N. |
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Do not retitle any existing section as "Endorsements" |
Do not retitle any existing section to be Entitled "Endorsements" or to |
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or to conflict in title with any Invariant Section. |
conflict in title with any Invariant Section. |
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.TP |
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O. |
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Preserve any Warranty Disclaimers. |
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.PP |
.PP |
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If the Modified Version includes new front-matter sections or |
If the Modified Version includes new front-matter sections or |
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appendices that qualify as Secondary Sections and contain no material |
appendices that qualify as Secondary Sections and contain no material |
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list of Invariant Sections in the Modified Version's license notice. |
list of Invariant Sections in the Modified Version's license notice. |
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These titles must be distinct from any other section titles. |
These titles must be distinct from any other section titles. |
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You may add a section entitled "Endorsements", provided it contains |
You may add a section Entitled "Endorsements", provided it contains |
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nothing but endorsements of your Modified Version by various |
nothing but endorsements of your Modified Version by various |
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parties--for example, statements of peer review or that the text has |
parties--for example, statements of peer review or that the text has |
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been approved by an organization as the authoritative definition of a |
been approved by an organization as the authoritative definition of a |
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versions, provided that you include in the combination all of the |
versions, provided that you include in the combination all of the |
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Invariant Sections of all of the original documents, unmodified, and |
Invariant Sections of all of the original documents, unmodified, and |
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list them all as Invariant Sections of your combined work in its |
list them all as Invariant Sections of your combined work in its |
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license notice. |
license notice, and that you preserve all their Warranty Disclaimers. |
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The combined work need only contain one copy of this License, and |
The combined work need only contain one copy of this License, and |
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multiple identical Invariant Sections may be replaced with a single |
multiple identical Invariant Sections may be replaced with a single |
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Make the same adjustment to the section titles in the list of |
Make the same adjustment to the section titles in the list of |
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Invariant Sections in the license notice of the combined work. |
Invariant Sections in the license notice of the combined work. |
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In the combination, you must combine any sections entitled "History" |
In the combination, you must combine any sections Entitled "History" |
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in the various original documents, forming one section entitled |
in the various original documents, forming one section Entitled |
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"History"; likewise combine any sections entitled "Acknowledgements", |
"History"; likewise combine any sections Entitled "Acknowledgements", |
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and any sections entitled "Dedications." You must delete all sections |
and any sections Entitled "Dedications". You must delete all sections |
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entitled "Endorsements." |
Entitled "Endorsements". |
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.SH 6. COLLECTIONS OF DOCUMENTS |
.SH 6. COLLECTIONS OF DOCUMENTS |
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A compilation of the Document or its derivatives with other separate |
A compilation of the Document or its derivatives with other separate |
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and independent documents or works, in or on a volume of a storage or |
and independent documents or works, in or on a volume of a storage or |
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distribution medium, does not as a whole count as a Modified Version |
distribution medium, is called an "aggregate" if the copyright |
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of the Document, provided no compilation copyright is claimed for the |
resulting from the compilation is not used to limit the legal rights |
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compilation. Such a compilation is called an "aggregate", and this |
of the compilation's users beyond what the individual works permit. |
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License does not apply to the other self-contained works thus compiled |
When the Document is included in an aggregate, this License does not |
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with the Document, on account of their being thus compiled, if they |
apply to the other works in the aggregate which are not themselves |
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are not themselves derivative works of the Document. |
derivative works of the Document. |
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If the Cover Text requirement of section 3 is applicable to these |
If the Cover Text requirement of section 3 is applicable to these |
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copies of the Document, then if the Document is less than one quarter |
copies of the Document, then if the Document is less than one half of |
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of the entire aggregate, the Document's Cover Texts may be placed on |
the entire aggregate, the Document's Cover Texts may be placed on |
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covers that surround only the Document within the aggregate. |
covers that bracket the Document within the aggregate, or the |
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Otherwise they must appear on covers around the whole aggregate. |
electronic equivalent of covers if the Document is in electronic form. |
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Otherwise they must appear on printed covers that bracket the whole |
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aggregate. |
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.SH 8. TRANSLATION |
.SH 8. TRANSLATION |
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permission from their copyright holders, but you may include |
permission from their copyright holders, but you may include |
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translations of some or all Invariant Sections in addition to the |
translations of some or all Invariant Sections in addition to the |
359 |
original versions of these Invariant Sections. You may include a |
original versions of these Invariant Sections. You may include a |
360 |
translation of this License provided that you also include the |
translation of this License, and all the license notices in the |
361 |
original English version of this License. In case of a disagreement |
Document, and any Warranty Disclaimers, provided that you also include |
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between the translation and the original English version of this |
the original English version of this License and the original versions |
363 |
License, the original English version will prevail. |
of those notices and disclaimers. In case of a disagreement between |
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the translation and the original version of this License or a notice |
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or disclaimer, the original version will prevail. |
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If a section in the Document is Entitled "Acknowledgements", |
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"Dedications", or "History", the requirement (section 4) to Preserve |
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its Title (section 1) will typically require changing the actual |
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title. |
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.SH 9. TERMINATION |
.SH 9. TERMINATION |
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number of this License, you may choose any version ever published (not |
number of this License, you may choose any version ever published (not |
397 |
as a draft) by the Free Software Foundation. |
as a draft) by the Free Software Foundation. |
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.SH ADDENDUM: How to use this License for your documents |
.SH ADDENDUM: How to use this License for your documents |
400 |
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To use this License in a document you have written, include a copy of |
To use this License in a document you have written, include a copy of |
409 |
.if n (c) |
.if n (c) |
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[\fIyear\fP] [\fIyour name\fP]. |
[\fIyear\fP] [\fIyour name\fP]. |
411 |
Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this document |
Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this document |
412 |
under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.1 |
under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 |
413 |
or any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; |
or any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; |
414 |
with the Invariant Sections being [\fIlist their titles\fP], with the |
with no Invariant Sections, no Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover Texts. |
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Front-Cover Texts being [\fIlist\fP], and with the Back-Cover Texts |
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being [\fIlist\fP]. |
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A copy of the license is included in the section entitled "GNU |
A copy of the license is included in the section entitled "GNU |
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Free Documentation License." |
Free Documentation License." |
417 |
.ad |
.ad |
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.hy 1 |
.hy 1 |
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If you have no Invariant Sections, write "with no Invariant Sections" |
If you have Invariant Sections, Front-Cover Texts and Back-Cover Texts, |
421 |
instead of saying which ones are invariant. If you have no |
replace the "with...Texts." line with this: |
422 |
Front-Cover Texts, write "no Front-Cover Texts" instead of |
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"Front-Cover Texts being [\fIlist\fP]"; likewise for Back-Cover Texts. |
.hy 0 |
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.na |
425 |
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with the Invariant Sections being [\fILIST THEIR TITLES\fP], with the |
426 |
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Front-Cover Texts being [\fILIST\fP], and with the Back-Cover Texts being |
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[\fILIST\fP]. |
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.ad |
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.hy 1 |
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431 |
|
If you have Invariant Sections without Cover Texts, or some other |
432 |
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combination of the three, merge those two alternatives to suit the |
433 |
|
situation. |
434 |
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|
435 |
If your document contains nontrivial examples of program code, we |
If your document contains nontrivial examples of program code, we |
436 |
recommend releasing these examples in parallel under your choice of |
recommend releasing these examples in parallel under your choice of |