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revision 1.5 by ttn, Wed Aug 24 11:32:07 2005 UTC revision 1.6 by rfrancoise, Fri Sep 16 22:36:25 2005 UTC
# Line 1  Line 1 
1  .TH GFDL 1 "2001 April 23"  .TH GFDL 1 "2005 September 17"
 .UC 4  
2  .SH NAME  .SH NAME
3  GFDL \- The GNU Free Documentation License  GFDL \- The GNU Free Documentation License
4    
5  .ce  .ce
6  Version 1.1, March 2000  Version 1.2, November 2002
7    
8  .hy 0  .hy 0
9  .na  .na
# Line 23  of this license document, but changing i Line 22  of this license document, but changing i
22  .SH 0. PREAMBLE  .SH 0. PREAMBLE
23    
24  The purpose of this License is to make a manual, textbook, or other  The purpose of this License is to make a manual, textbook, or other
25  written document "free" in the sense of freedom: to assure everyone  functional and useful document "free" in the sense of freedom: to
26  the effective freedom to copy and redistribute it, with or without  assure everyone the effective freedom to copy and redistribute it,
27  modifying it, either commercially or noncommercially.  Secondarily,  with or without modifying it, either commercially or noncommercially.
28  this License preserves for the author and publisher a way to get  Secondarily, this License preserves for the author and publisher a way
29  credit for their work, while not being considered responsible for  to get credit for their work, while not being considered responsible
30  modifications made by others.  for modifications made by others.
31    
32  This License is a kind of "copyleft", which means that derivative  This License is a kind of "copyleft", which means that derivative
33  works of the document must themselves be free in the same sense.  It  works of the document must themselves be free in the same sense.  It
# Line 45  principally for works whose purpose is i Line 44  principally for works whose purpose is i
44    
45  .SH 1. APPLICABILITY AND DEFINITIONS  .SH 1. APPLICABILITY AND DEFINITIONS
46    
47  This License applies to any manual or other work that contains a  This License applies to any manual or other work, in any medium, that
48  notice placed by the copyright holder saying it can be distributed  contains a notice placed by the copyright holder saying it can be
49  under the terms of this License.  The "Document", below, refers to any  distributed under the terms of this License.  Such a notice grants a
50  such manual or work.  Any member of the public is a licensee, and is  world-wide, royalty-free license, unlimited in duration, to use that
51  addressed as "you."  work under the conditions stated herein.  The "Document", below,
52    refers to any such manual or work.  Any member of the public is a
53    licensee, and is addressed as "you".  You accept the license if you
54    copy, modify or distribute the work in a way requiring permission
55    under copyright law.
56    
57  A "Modified Version" of the Document means any work containing the  A "Modified Version" of the Document means any work containing the
58  Document or a portion of it, either copied verbatim, or with  Document or a portion of it, either copied verbatim, or with
# Line 59  A "Secondary Section" is a named appendi Line 62  A "Secondary Section" is a named appendi
62  the Document that deals exclusively with the relationship of the  the Document that deals exclusively with the relationship of the
63  publishers or authors of the Document to the Document's overall subject  publishers or authors of the Document to the Document's overall subject
64  (or to related matters) and contains nothing that could fall directly  (or to related matters) and contains nothing that could fall directly
65  within that overall subject.  (For example, if the Document is in part a  within that overall subject.  (Thus, if the Document is in part a
66  textbook of mathematics, a Secondary Section may not explain any  textbook of mathematics, a Secondary Section may not explain any
67  mathematics.)  The relationship could be a matter of historical  mathematics.)  The relationship could be a matter of historical
68  connection with the subject or with related matters, or of legal,  connection with the subject or with related matters, or of legal,
# Line 68  them. Line 71  them.
71    
72  The "Invariant Sections" are certain Secondary Sections whose titles  The "Invariant Sections" are certain Secondary Sections whose titles
73  are designated, as being those of Invariant Sections, in the notice  are designated, as being those of Invariant Sections, in the notice
74  that says that the Document is released under this License.  that says that the Document is released under this License.  If a
75    section does not fit the above definition of Secondary then it is not
76    allowed to be designated as Invariant.  The Document may contain zero
77    Invariant Sections.  If the Document does not identify any Invariant
78    Sections then there are none.
79    
80  The "Cover Texts" are certain short passages of text that are listed,  The "Cover Texts" are certain short passages of text that are listed,
81  as Front-Cover Texts or Back-Cover Texts, in the notice that says that  as Front-Cover Texts or Back-Cover Texts, in the notice that says that
82  the Document is released under this License.  the Document is released under this License.  A Front-Cover Text may
83    be at most 5 words, and a Back-Cover Text may be at most 25 words.
84    
85  A "Transparent" copy of the Document means a machine-readable copy,  A "Transparent" copy of the Document means a machine-readable copy,
86  represented in a format whose specification is available to the  represented in a format whose specification is available to the
87  general public, whose contents can be viewed and edited directly and  general public, that is suitable for revising the document
88  straightforwardly with generic text editors or (for images composed of  straightforwardly with generic text editors or (for images composed of
89  pixels) generic paint programs or (for drawings) some widely available  pixels) generic paint programs or (for drawings) some widely available
90  drawing editor, and that is suitable for input to text formatters or  drawing editor, and that is suitable for input to text formatters or
91  for automatic translation to a variety of formats suitable for input  for automatic translation to a variety of formats suitable for input
92  to text formatters.  A copy made in an otherwise Transparent file  to text formatters.  A copy made in an otherwise Transparent file
93  format whose markup has been designed to thwart or discourage  format whose markup, or absence of markup, has been arranged to thwart
94  subsequent modification by readers is not Transparent.  A copy that is  or discourage subsequent modification by readers is not Transparent.
95  not "Transparent" is called "Opaque."  An image format is not Transparent if used for any substantial amount
96    of text.  A copy that is not "Transparent" is called "Opaque".
97    
98  Examples of suitable formats for Transparent copies include plain  Examples of suitable formats for Transparent copies include plain
99  ASCII without markup, Texinfo input format, LaTeX input format, SGML  ASCII without markup, Texinfo input format, LaTeX input format, SGML
100  or XML using a publicly available DTD, and standard-conforming simple  or XML using a publicly available DTD, and standard-conforming simple
101  HTML designed for human modification.  Opaque formats include  HTML, PostScript or PDF designed for human modification.  Examples of
102  PostScript, PDF, proprietary formats that can be read and edited only  transparent image formats include PNG, XCF and JPG.  Opaque formats
103  by proprietary word processors, SGML or XML for which the DTD and/or  include proprietary formats that can be read and edited only by
104    proprietary word processors, SGML or XML for which the DTD and/or
105  processing tools are not generally available, and the  processing tools are not generally available, and the
106  machine-generated HTML produced by some word processors for output  machine-generated HTML, PostScript or PDF produced by some word
107  purposes only.  processors for output purposes only.
108    
109  The "Title Page" means, for a printed book, the title page itself,  The "Title Page" means, for a printed book, the title page itself,
110  plus such following pages as are needed to hold, legibly, the material  plus such following pages as are needed to hold, legibly, the material
# Line 103  formats which do not have any title page Line 113  formats which do not have any title page
113  the text near the most prominent appearance of the work's title,  the text near the most prominent appearance of the work's title,
114  preceding the beginning of the body of the text.  preceding the beginning of the body of the text.
115    
116    A section "Entitled XYZ" means a named subunit of the Document whose
117    title either is precisely XYZ or contains XYZ in parentheses following
118    text that translates XYZ in another language.  (Here XYZ stands for a
119    specific section name mentioned below, such as "Acknowledgements",
120    "Dedications", "Endorsements", or "History".)  To "Preserve the Title"
121    of such a section when you modify the Document means that it remains a
122    section "Entitled XYZ" according to this definition.
123    
124    The Document may include Warranty Disclaimers next to the notice which
125    states that this License applies to the Document.  These Warranty
126    Disclaimers are considered to be included by reference in this
127    License, but only as regards disclaiming warranties: any other
128    implication that these Warranty Disclaimers may have is void and has
129    no effect on the meaning of this License.
130    
131  .SH 2. VERBATIM COPYING  .SH 2. VERBATIM COPYING
132    
133  You may copy and distribute the Document in any medium, either  You may copy and distribute the Document in any medium, either
# Line 120  you may publicly display copies. Line 145  you may publicly display copies.
145    
146  .SH 3. COPYING IN QUANTITY  .SH 3. COPYING IN QUANTITY
147    
148  If you publish printed copies of the Document numbering more than 100,  If you publish printed copies (or copies in media that commonly have
149  and the Document's license notice requires Cover Texts, you must enclose  printed covers) of the Document, numbering more than 100, and the
150  the copies in covers that carry, clearly and legibly, all these Cover  Document's license notice requires Cover Texts, you must enclose the
151    copies in covers that carry, clearly and legibly, all these Cover
152  Texts: Front-Cover Texts on the front cover, and Back-Cover Texts on  Texts: Front-Cover Texts on the front cover, and Back-Cover Texts on
153  the back cover.  Both covers must also clearly and legibly identify  the back cover.  Both covers must also clearly and legibly identify
154  you as the publisher of these copies.  The front cover must present  you as the publisher of these copies.  The front cover must present
# Line 140  pages. Line 166  pages.
166  If you publish or distribute Opaque copies of the Document numbering  If you publish or distribute Opaque copies of the Document numbering
167  more than 100, you must either include a machine-readable Transparent  more than 100, you must either include a machine-readable Transparent
168  copy along with each Opaque copy, or state in or with each Opaque copy  copy along with each Opaque copy, or state in or with each Opaque copy
169  a publicly-accessible computer-network location containing a complete  a computer-network location from which the general network-using
170  Transparent copy of the Document, free of added material, which the  public has access to download using public-standard network protocols
171  general network-using public has access to download anonymously at no  a complete Transparent copy of the Document, free of added material.
172  charge using public-standard network protocols.  If you use the latter  If you use the latter option, you must take reasonably prudent steps,
173  option, you must take reasonably prudent steps, when you begin  when you begin distribution of Opaque copies in quantity, to ensure
174  distribution of Opaque copies in quantity, to ensure that this  that this Transparent copy will remain thus accessible at the stated
175  Transparent copy will remain thus accessible at the stated location  location until at least one year after the last time you distribute an
176  until at least one year after the last time you distribute an Opaque  Opaque copy (directly or through your agents or retailers) of that
177  copy (directly or through your agents or retailers) of that edition to  edition to the public.
 the public.  
178    
179  It is requested, but not required, that you contact the authors of the  It is requested, but not required, that you contact the authors of the
180  Document well before redistributing any large number of copies, to give  Document well before redistributing any large number of copies, to give
# Line 165  and modification of the Modified Version Line 190  and modification of the Modified Version
190  of it.  In addition, you must do these things in the Modified Version:  of it.  In addition, you must do these things in the Modified Version:
191  .TP  .TP
192  A.  A.
193  Use in the Title Page (and on the covers, if any) a title distinct  Use in the Title Page (and on the covers, if any) a title distinct from
194  from that of the Document, and from those of previous versions  that of the Document, and from those of previous versions (which should,
195  (which should, if there were any, be listed in the History section  if there were any, be listed in the History section of the Document).
196  of the Document).  You may use the same title as a previous version  You may use the same title as a previous version if the original
197  if the original publisher of that version gives permission.  publisher of that version gives permission.
198  .TP  .TP
199  B.  B.
200  List on the Title Page, as authors, one or more persons or entities  List on the Title Page, as authors, one or more persons or entities
201  responsible for authorship of the modifications in the Modified  responsible for authorship of the modifications in the Modified Version,
202  Version, together with at least five of the principal authors of the  together with at least five of the principal authors of the Document
203  Document (all of its principal authors, if it has less than five).  (all of its principal authors, if it has fewer than five), unless they
204    release you from this requirement.
205  .TP  .TP
206  C.  C.
207  State on the Title page the name of the publisher of the  State on the Title page the name of the publisher of the
# Line 190  adjacent to the other copyright notices. Line 216  adjacent to the other copyright notices.
216  .TP  .TP
217  F.  F.
218  Include, immediately after the copyright notices, a license notice  Include, immediately after the copyright notices, a license notice
219  giving the public permission to use the Modified Version under the  giving the public permission to use the Modified Version under the terms
220  terms of this License, in the form shown in the Addendum below.  of this License, in the form shown in the Addendum below.
221  .TP  .TP
222  G.  G.
223  Preserve in that license notice the full lists of Invariant Sections  Preserve in that license notice the full lists of Invariant Sections
# Line 201  H. Line 227  H.
227  Include an unaltered copy of this License.  Include an unaltered copy of this License.
228  .TP  .TP
229  I.  I.
230  Preserve the section entitled "History", and its title, and add to  Preserve the section Entitled "History", Preserve its Title, and add to
231  it an item stating at least the title, year, new authors, and  it an item stating at least the title, year, new authors, and publisher
232  publisher of the Modified Version as given on the Title Page.  If  of the Modified Version as given on the Title Page.  If there is no
233  there is no section entitled "History" in the Document, create one  section Entitled "History" in the Document, create one stating the
234  stating the title, year, authors, and publisher of the Document as  title, year, authors, and publisher of the Document as given on its
235  given on its Title Page, then add an item describing the Modified  Title Page, then add an item describing the Modified Version as stated
236  Version as stated in the previous sentence.  in the previous sentence.
237  .TP  .TP
238  J.  J.
239  Preserve the network location, if any, given in the Document for  Preserve the network location, if any, given in the Document for public
240  public access to a Transparent copy of the Document, and likewise  access to a Transparent copy of the Document, and likewise the network
241  the network locations given in the Document for previous versions  locations given in the Document for previous versions it was based on.
242  it was based on.  These may be placed in the "History" section.  These may be placed in the "History" section.  You may omit a network
243  You may omit a network location for a work that was published at  location for a work that was published at least four years before the
244  least four years before the Document itself, or if the original  Document itself, or if the original publisher of the version it refers
245  publisher of the version it refers to gives permission.  to gives permission.
246  .TP  .TP
247  K.  K.
248  In any section entitled "Acknowledgements" or "Dedications",  For any section Entitled "Acknowledgements" or "Dedications", Preserve
249  preserve the section's title, and preserve in the section all the  the Title of the section, and preserve in the section all the substance
250  substance and tone of each of the contributor acknowledgements  and tone of each of the contributor acknowledgements and/or dedications
251  and/or dedications given therein.  given therein.
252  .TP  .TP
253  L.  L.
254  Preserve all the Invariant Sections of the Document,  Preserve all the Invariant Sections of the Document, unaltered in their
255  unaltered in their text and in their titles.  Section numbers  text and in their titles.  Section numbers or the equivalent are not
256  or the equivalent are not considered part of the section titles.  considered part of the section titles.
257  .TP  .TP
258  M.  M.
259  Delete any section entitled "Endorsements."  Such a section  Delete any section Entitled "Endorsements".  Such a section may not be
260  may not be included in the Modified Version.  included in the Modified Version.
261  .TP  .TP
262  N.  N.
263  Do not retitle any existing section as "Endorsements"  Do not retitle any existing section to be Entitled "Endorsements" or to
264  or to conflict in title with any Invariant Section.  conflict in title with any Invariant Section.
265    .TP
266    O.
267    Preserve any Warranty Disclaimers.
268  .PP  .PP
269  If the Modified Version includes new front-matter sections or  If the Modified Version includes new front-matter sections or
270  appendices that qualify as Secondary Sections and contain no material  appendices that qualify as Secondary Sections and contain no material
# Line 244  of these sections as invariant.  To do t Line 273  of these sections as invariant.  To do t
273  list of Invariant Sections in the Modified Version's license notice.  list of Invariant Sections in the Modified Version's license notice.
274  These titles must be distinct from any other section titles.  These titles must be distinct from any other section titles.
275    
276  You may add a section entitled "Endorsements", provided it contains  You may add a section Entitled "Endorsements", provided it contains
277  nothing but endorsements of your Modified Version by various  nothing but endorsements of your Modified Version by various
278  parties--for example, statements of peer review or that the text has  parties--for example, statements of peer review or that the text has
279  been approved by an organization as the authoritative definition of a  been approved by an organization as the authoritative definition of a
# Line 271  License, under the terms defined in sect Line 300  License, under the terms defined in sect
300  versions, provided that you include in the combination all of the  versions, provided that you include in the combination all of the
301  Invariant Sections of all of the original documents, unmodified, and  Invariant Sections of all of the original documents, unmodified, and
302  list them all as Invariant Sections of your combined work in its  list them all as Invariant Sections of your combined work in its
303  license notice.  license notice, and that you preserve all their Warranty Disclaimers.
304    
305  The combined work need only contain one copy of this License, and  The combined work need only contain one copy of this License, and
306  multiple identical Invariant Sections may be replaced with a single  multiple identical Invariant Sections may be replaced with a single
# Line 282  author or publisher of that section if k Line 311  author or publisher of that section if k
311  Make the same adjustment to the section titles in the list of  Make the same adjustment to the section titles in the list of
312  Invariant Sections in the license notice of the combined work.  Invariant Sections in the license notice of the combined work.
313    
314  In the combination, you must combine any sections entitled "History"  In the combination, you must combine any sections Entitled "History"
315  in the various original documents, forming one section entitled  in the various original documents, forming one section Entitled
316  "History"; likewise combine any sections entitled "Acknowledgements",  "History"; likewise combine any sections Entitled "Acknowledgements",
317  and any sections entitled "Dedications."  You must delete all sections  and any sections Entitled "Dedications".  You must delete all sections
318  entitled "Endorsements."  Entitled "Endorsements".
319    
320  .SH 6. COLLECTIONS OF DOCUMENTS  .SH 6. COLLECTIONS OF DOCUMENTS
321    
# Line 305  other respects regarding verbatim copyin Line 334  other respects regarding verbatim copyin
334    
335  A compilation of the Document or its derivatives with other separate  A compilation of the Document or its derivatives with other separate
336  and independent documents or works, in or on a volume of a storage or  and independent documents or works, in or on a volume of a storage or
337  distribution medium, does not as a whole count as a Modified Version  distribution medium, is called an "aggregate" if the copyright
338  of the Document, provided no compilation copyright is claimed for the  resulting from the compilation is not used to limit the legal rights
339  compilation.  Such a compilation is called an "aggregate", and this  of the compilation's users beyond what the individual works permit.
340  License does not apply to the other self-contained works thus compiled  When the Document is included in an aggregate, this License does not
341  with the Document, on account of their being thus compiled, if they  apply to the other works in the aggregate which are not themselves
342  are not themselves derivative works of the Document.  derivative works of the Document.
343    
344  If the Cover Text requirement of section 3 is applicable to these  If the Cover Text requirement of section 3 is applicable to these
345  copies of the Document, then if the Document is less than one quarter  copies of the Document, then if the Document is less than one half of
346  of the entire aggregate, the Document's Cover Texts may be placed on  the entire aggregate, the Document's Cover Texts may be placed on
347  covers that surround only the Document within the aggregate.  covers that bracket the Document within the aggregate, or the
348  Otherwise they must appear on covers around the whole aggregate.  electronic equivalent of covers if the Document is in electronic form.
349    Otherwise they must appear on printed covers that bracket the whole
350    aggregate.
351    
352  .SH 8. TRANSLATION  .SH 8. TRANSLATION
353    
# Line 326  Replacing Invariant Sections with transl Line 357  Replacing Invariant Sections with transl
357  permission from their copyright holders, but you may include  permission from their copyright holders, but you may include
358  translations of some or all Invariant Sections in addition to the  translations of some or all Invariant Sections in addition to the
359  original versions of these Invariant Sections.  You may include a  original versions of these Invariant Sections.  You may include a
360  translation of this License provided that you also include the  translation of this License, and all the license notices in the
361  original English version of this License.  In case of a disagreement  Document, and any Warranty Disclaimers, provided that you also include
362  between the translation and the original English version of this  the original English version of this License and the original versions
363  License, the original English version will prevail.  of those notices and disclaimers.  In case of a disagreement between
364    the translation and the original version of this License or a notice
365    or disclaimer, the original version will prevail.
366    
367    If a section in the Document is Entitled "Acknowledgements",
368    "Dedications", or "History", the requirement (section 4) to Preserve
369    its Title (section 1) will typically require changing the actual
370    title.
371    
372  .SH 9. TERMINATION  .SH 9. TERMINATION
373    
# Line 358  Free Software Foundation.  If the Docume Line 396  Free Software Foundation.  If the Docume
396  number of this License, you may choose any version ever published (not  number of this License, you may choose any version ever published (not
397  as a draft) by the Free Software Foundation.  as a draft) by the Free Software Foundation.
398    
   
399  .SH ADDENDUM: How to use this License for your documents  .SH ADDENDUM: How to use this License for your documents
400    
401  To use this License in a document you have written, include a copy of  To use this License in a document you have written, include a copy of
# Line 372  Copyright Line 409  Copyright
409  .if n (c)  .if n (c)
410  [\fIyear\fP]  [\fIyour name\fP].  [\fIyear\fP]  [\fIyour name\fP].
411  Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this document  Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this document
412  under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.1  under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2
413  or any later version published by the Free Software Foundation;  or any later version published by the Free Software Foundation;
414  with the Invariant Sections being [\fIlist their titles\fP], with the  with no Invariant Sections, no Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover Texts.
 Front-Cover Texts being [\fIlist\fP], and with the Back-Cover Texts  
 being [\fIlist\fP].  
415  A copy of the license is included in the section entitled "GNU  A copy of the license is included in the section entitled "GNU
416  Free Documentation License."  Free Documentation License."
417  .ad  .ad
418  .hy 1  .hy 1
419    
420  If you have no Invariant Sections, write "with no Invariant Sections"  If you have Invariant Sections, Front-Cover Texts and Back-Cover Texts,
421  instead of saying which ones are invariant.  If you have no  replace the "with...Texts." line with this:
422  Front-Cover Texts, write "no Front-Cover Texts" instead of  
423  "Front-Cover Texts being [\fIlist\fP]"; likewise for Back-Cover Texts.  .hy 0
424    .na
425        with the Invariant Sections being [\fILIST THEIR TITLES\fP], with the
426        Front-Cover Texts being [\fILIST\fP], and with the Back-Cover Texts being
427        [\fILIST\fP].
428    .ad
429    .hy 1
430    
431    If you have Invariant Sections without Cover Texts, or some other
432    combination of the three, merge those two alternatives to suit the
433    situation.
434    
435  If your document contains nontrivial examples of program code, we  If your document contains nontrivial examples of program code, we
436  recommend releasing these examples in parallel under your choice of  recommend releasing these examples in parallel under your choice of

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