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revision 1.58 by miles, Mon Sep 1 15:44:59 2003 UTC revision 1.59 by lute, Tue Feb 8 14:20:01 2005 UTC
# Line 1  Line 1 
1  You are looking at the Emacs tutorial.  See end for copying conditions.  You are looking at the Emacs tutorial.  See end for copying conditions.
2  Copyright (c) 1985, 1996, 1998, 2001, 2002 Free Software Foundation.  Copyright (c) 1985, 1996, 1998, 2001, 2002, 2005 Free Software Foundation.
3    
4  Emacs commands generally involve the CONTROL key (sometimes labeled  Emacs commands generally involve the CONTROL key (sometimes labeled
5  CTRL or CTL) or the META key (sometimes labeled EDIT or ALT).  Rather than  CTRL or CTL) or the META key (sometimes labeled EDIT or ALT).  Rather than
# Line 259  If you type one of the disabled commands Line 259  If you type one of the disabled commands
259  saying what the command was, and asking you whether you want to go  saying what the command was, and asking you whether you want to go
260  ahead and execute the command.  ahead and execute the command.
261    
262  If you really want to try the command, type Space in answer to the  If you really want to try the command, type <SPC> (the Space bar) in
263  question.  Normally, if you do not want to execute the disabled  answer to the question.  Normally, if you do not want to execute the
264  command, answer the question with "n".  disabled command, answer the question with "n".
265    
266  >> Type C-x C-l (which is a disabled command),  >> Type C-x C-l (which is a disabled command),
267     then type n to answer the question.     then type n to answer the question.
# Line 352  You've now learned the most basic way of Line 352  You've now learned the most basic way of
352  Emacs and correcting errors.  You can delete by words or lines  Emacs and correcting errors.  You can delete by words or lines
353  as well.  Here is a summary of the delete operations:  as well.  Here is a summary of the delete operations:
354    
355          <Delback>    delete the character just before the cursor          <Delback>    Delete the character just before the cursor
356          C-d          delete the next character after the cursor          C-d          Delete the next character after the cursor
357    
358          M-<Delback>  kill the word immediately before the cursor          M-<Delback>  Kill the word immediately before the cursor
359          M-d          kill the next word after the cursor          M-d          Kill the next word after the cursor
360    
361          C-k          kill from the cursor position to end of line          C-k          Kill from the cursor position to end of line
362          M-k          kill to the end of the current sentence          M-k          Kill to the end of the current sentence
363    
364  Notice that <Delback> and C-d vs M-<Delback> and M-d extend the parallel  Notice that <Delback> and C-d vs M-<Delback> and M-d extend the parallel
365  started by C-f and M-f (well, <Delback> is not really a control  started by C-f and M-f (well, <Delback> is not really a control
366  character, but let's not worry about that).  C-k and M-k are like C-e  character, but let's not worry about that).  C-k and M-k are like C-e
367  and M-e, sort of, in that lines are opposite sentences.  and M-e, sort of, in that lines are opposite sentences.
368    
369  You can also kill any part of the buffer with one uniform method.  You can also kill any part of the text with one uniform method.  Move
370  Move to one end of that part, and type C-@ or C-SPC (either one).  to one end of that part, and type C-@ or C-<SPC> (either one).  (<SPC>
371  (SPC is the Space bar.)  Move to the other end of that part, and type  is the Space bar.)  Move to the other end of that part, and type C-w.
372  C-w.  That kills all the text between the two positions.  That kills all the text between the two positions.
373    
374  >> Move the cursor to the Y at the start of the previous paragraph.  >> Move the cursor to the Y at the start of the previous paragraph.
375  >> Type C-SPC.  Emacs should display a message "Mark set"  >> Type C-<SPC>.  Emacs should display a message "Mark set"
376     at the bottom of the screen.     at the bottom of the screen.
377  >> Move the cursor to the n in "end", on the second line of the  >> Move the cursor to the n in "end", on the second line of the
378     paragraph.     paragraph.
# Line 401  lines and their newlines; typing C-k twi Line 401  lines and their newlines; typing C-k twi
401  Bringing back killed text is called "yanking".  (Think of it as  Bringing back killed text is called "yanking".  (Think of it as
402  yanking back, or pulling back, some text that was taken away.)  You  yanking back, or pulling back, some text that was taken away.)  You
403  can yank the killed text either at the same place where it was killed,  can yank the killed text either at the same place where it was killed,
404  or at some other place in the buffer, or even in a different file.  or at some other place in the text you are editing, or even in a
405  You can yank the same text several times; that makes multiple copies  different file.  You can yank the same text several times; that makes
406  of it.  multiple copies of it.
407    
408  The command for yanking is C-y.  It reinserts the last killed text,  The command for yanking is C-y.  It reinserts the last killed text,
409  at the current cursor position.  at the current cursor position.
# Line 638  the X (eXtend) command.  This comes in t Line 638  the X (eXtend) command.  This comes in t
638          M-x     Named command eXtend.  Followed by a long name.          M-x     Named command eXtend.  Followed by a long name.
639    
640  These are commands that are generally useful but used less than the  These are commands that are generally useful but used less than the
641  commands you have already learned about.  You have already seen two of  commands you have already learned about.  You have already seen a few
642  them: the file commands C-x C-f to Find and C-x C-s to Save.  Another  of them: the file commands C-x C-f to Find and C-x C-s to Save, for
643  example is the command to end the Emacs session--this is the command  example.  Another example is the command to end the Emacs
644  C-x C-c.  (Do not worry about losing changes you have made; C-x C-c  session--this is the command C-x C-c.  (Do not worry about losing
645  offers to save each changed file before it kills the Emacs.)  changes you have made; C-x C-c offers to save each changed file before
646    it kills the Emacs.)
647    
648  C-z is the command to exit Emacs *temporarily*--so that you can go  C-z is the command to exit Emacs *temporarily*--so that you can go
649  back to the same Emacs session afterward.  back to the same Emacs session afterward.
# Line 666  with C-z instead of exiting Emacs. Line 667  with C-z instead of exiting Emacs.
667    
668  There are many C-x commands.  Here is a list of the ones you have learned:  There are many C-x commands.  Here is a list of the ones you have learned:
669    
670          C-x C-f         Find file.          C-x C-f         Find file
671          C-x C-s         Save file.          C-x C-s         Save file
672          C-x C-b         List buffers.          C-x s           Save some buffers
673          C-x C-c         Quit Emacs.          C-x C-b         List buffers
674          C-x 1           Delete all but one window.          C-x b           Switch buffer
675          C-x u           Undo.          C-x C-c         Quit Emacs
676            C-x 1           Delete all but one window
677            C-x u           Undo
678    
679  Named eXtended commands are commands which are used even less  Named eXtended commands are commands which are used even less
680  frequently, or commands which are used only in certain modes.  An  frequently, or commands which are used only in certain modes.  An
# Line 727  shows them to you at the bottom of the s Line 730  shows them to you at the bottom of the s
730  The line immediately above the echo area is called the "mode line".  The line immediately above the echo area is called the "mode line".
731  The mode line says something like this:  The mode line says something like this:
732    
733  --:**  TUTORIAL          (Fundamental)--L670--58%----------------  --:**  TUTORIAL       63% L749    (Fundamental)-----------------------
734    
735  This line gives useful information about the status of Emacs and  This line gives useful information about the status of Emacs and
736  the text you are editing.  the text you are editing.
737    
738  You already know what the filename means--it is the file you have  You already know what the filename means--it is the file you have
739  found.  -NN%-- indicates your current position in the text; it means  found.  NN% indicates your current position in the text; it means that
740  that NN percent of the text is above the top of the screen.  If the  NN percent of the text is above the top of the screen.  If the top of
741  top of the file is on the screen, it will say --Top-- instead of  the file is on the screen, it will say "Top" instead of " 0%".  If the
742  --00%--.  If the bottom of the text is on the screen, it will say  bottom of the text is on the screen, it will say "Bot".  If you are
743  --Bot--.  If you are looking at text so small that all of it fits on  looking at text so small that all of it fits on the screen, the mode
744  the screen, the mode line says --All--.  line says "All".
745    
746  The L and digits indicate position in another way: they give the  The L and digits indicate position in another way: they give the
747  current line number of point.  current line number of point.
# Line 767  switch to Fundamental mode. Line 770  switch to Fundamental mode.
770    
771  If you are going to be editing human-language text, such as this file, you  If you are going to be editing human-language text, such as this file, you
772  should probably use Text Mode.  should probably use Text Mode.
773    
774  >> Type M-x text mode<Return>.  >> Type M-x text mode<Return>.
775    
776  Don't worry, none of the  Emacs commands you have learned changes in  Don't worry, none of the  Emacs commands you have learned changes in
# Line 897  window on the screen at the same time. Line 901  window on the screen at the same time.
901     Both windows display this tutorial.  The cursor stays in the top window.     Both windows display this tutorial.  The cursor stays in the top window.
902    
903  >> Type C-M-v to scroll the bottom window.  >> Type C-M-v to scroll the bottom window.
904     (If you do not have a real META key, type ESC C-v.)     (If you do not have a real META key, type <ESC> C-v.)
905    
906  >> Type C-x o ("o" for "other") to move the cursor to the bottom window.  >> Type C-x o ("o" for "other") to move the cursor to the bottom window.
907  >> Use C-v and M-v in the bottom window to scroll it.  >> Use C-v and M-v in the bottom window to scroll it.
# Line 921  META key, you can type C-M-v by holding Line 925  META key, you can type C-M-v by holding
925  typing v.  It does not matter whether CONTROL or META "comes first,"  typing v.  It does not matter whether CONTROL or META "comes first,"
926  because both of these keys act by modifying the characters you type.  because both of these keys act by modifying the characters you type.
927    
928  If you do not have a real META key, and you use ESC instead, the order  If you do not have a real META key, and you use <ESC> instead, the
929  does matter: you must type ESC followed by CONTROL-v, because  order does matter: you must type <ESC> followed by CONTROL-v, because
930  CONTROL-ESC v will not work.  This is because ESC is a character in  CONTROL-<ESC> v will not work.  This is because <ESC> is a character
931  its own right, not a modifier key.  in its own right, not a modifier key.
932    
933  >> Type C-x 1 (in the top window) to get rid of the bottom window.  >> Type C-x 1 (in the top window) to get rid of the bottom window.
934    
# Line 955  level".  This is indicated by square bra Line 959  level".  This is indicated by square bra
959  surrounding the parentheses around the major mode name.  For  surrounding the parentheses around the major mode name.  For
960  example, you might see [(Fundamental)] instead of (Fundamental).  example, you might see [(Fundamental)] instead of (Fundamental).
961    
962  To get out of the recursive editing level, type ESC ESC ESC.  That is  To get out of the recursive editing level, type <ESC> <ESC> <ESC>.
963  an all-purpose "get out" command.  You can also use it for eliminating  That is an all-purpose "get out" command.  You can also use it for
964  extra windows, and getting out of the minibuffer.  eliminating extra windows, and getting out of the minibuffer.
965    
966  >> Type M-x to get into a minibuffer; then type ESC ESC ESC to get out.  >> Type M-x to get into a minibuffer; then type <ESC> <ESC> <ESC> to
967       get out.
968    
969  You cannot use C-g to get out of a recursive editing level.  This is  You cannot use C-g to get out of a recursive editing level.  This is
970  because C-g is used for canceling commands and arguments WITHIN the  because C-g is used for canceling commands and arguments WITHIN the
# Line 1099  starting with the one written by Stuart Line 1104  starting with the one written by Stuart
1104  This version of the tutorial, like GNU Emacs, is copyrighted, and  This version of the tutorial, like GNU Emacs, is copyrighted, and
1105  comes with permission to distribute copies on certain conditions:  comes with permission to distribute copies on certain conditions:
1106    
1107  Copyright (c) 1985, 1996, 1998, 2001, 2002 Free Software Foundation  Copyright (c) 1985, 1996, 1998, 2001, 2002, 2005 Free Software Foundation
1108    
1109     Permission is granted to anyone to make or distribute verbatim copies     Permission is granted to anyone to make or distribute verbatim copies
1110     of this document as received, in any medium, provided that the     of this document as received, in any medium, provided that the

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