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revision 1.2 by akim, Thu Oct 4 13:31:41 2001 UTC revision 1.3 by eggert, Fri Dec 13 11:15:01 2002 UTC
# Line 1  Line 1 
1    
2  @node GNU Free Documentation License  @node GNU Free Documentation License
3  @appendixsec GNU Free Documentation License  @appendixsec GNU Free Documentation License
4    
5  @cindex FDL, GNU Free Documentation License  @cindex FDL, GNU Free Documentation License
6  @center Version 1.1, March 2000  @center Version 1.2, November 2002
7    
8  @display  @display
9  Copyright @copyright{} 2000 Free Software Foundation, Inc.  Copyright @copyright{} 2000,2001,2002 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
10  59 Temple Place, Suite 330, Boston, MA  02111-1307, USA  59 Temple Place, Suite 330, Boston, MA  02111-1307, USA
11    
12  Everyone is permitted to copy and distribute verbatim copies  Everyone is permitted to copy and distribute verbatim copies
# Line 17  of this license document, but changing i Line 18  of this license document, but changing i
18  PREAMBLE  PREAMBLE
19    
20  The purpose of this License is to make a manual, textbook, or other  The purpose of this License is to make a manual, textbook, or other
21  written document @dfn{free} in the sense of freedom: to assure everyone  functional and useful document @dfn{free} in the sense of freedom: to
22  the effective freedom to copy and redistribute it, with or without  assure everyone the effective freedom to copy and redistribute it,
23  modifying it, either commercially or noncommercially.  Secondarily,  with or without modifying it, either commercially or noncommercially.
24  this License preserves for the author and publisher a way to get  Secondarily, this License preserves for the author and publisher a way
25  credit for their work, while not being considered responsible for  to get credit for their work, while not being considered responsible
26  modifications made by others.  for modifications made by others.
27    
28  This License is a kind of ``copyleft'', which means that derivative  This License is a kind of ``copyleft'', which means that derivative
29  works of the document must themselves be free in the same sense.  It  works of the document must themselves be free in the same sense.  It
# Line 40  principally for works whose purpose is i Line 41  principally for works whose purpose is i
41  @item  @item
42  APPLICABILITY AND DEFINITIONS  APPLICABILITY AND DEFINITIONS
43    
44  This License applies to any manual or other work that contains a  This License applies to any manual or other work, in any medium, that
45  notice placed by the copyright holder saying it can be distributed  contains a notice placed by the copyright holder saying it can be
46  under the terms of this License.  The ``Document'', below, refers to any  distributed under the terms of this License.  Such a notice grants a
47  such manual or work.  Any member of the public is a licensee, and is  world-wide, royalty-free license, unlimited in duration, to use that
48  addressed as ``you''.  work under the conditions stated herein.  The ``Document'', below,
49    refers to any such manual or work.  Any member of the public is a
50    licensee, and is addressed as ``you''.  You accept the license if you
51    copy, modify or distribute the work in a way requiring permission
52    under copyright law.
53    
54  A ``Modified Version'' of the Document means any work containing the  A ``Modified Version'' of the Document means any work containing the
55  Document or a portion of it, either copied verbatim, or with  Document or a portion of it, either copied verbatim, or with
56  modifications and/or translated into another language.  modifications and/or translated into another language.
57    
58  A ``Secondary Section'' is a named appendix or a front-matter section of  A ``Secondary Section'' is a named appendix or a front-matter section
59  the Document that deals exclusively with the relationship of the  of the Document that deals exclusively with the relationship of the
60  publishers or authors of the Document to the Document's overall subject  publishers or authors of the Document to the Document's overall
61  (or to related matters) and contains nothing that could fall directly  subject (or to related matters) and contains nothing that could fall
62  within that overall subject.  (For example, if the Document is in part a  directly within that overall subject.  (Thus, if the Document is in
63  textbook of mathematics, a Secondary Section may not explain any  part a textbook of mathematics, a Secondary Section may not explain
64  mathematics.)  The relationship could be a matter of historical  any mathematics.)  The relationship could be a matter of historical
65  connection with the subject or with related matters, or of legal,  connection with the subject or with related matters, or of legal,
66  commercial, philosophical, ethical or political position regarding  commercial, philosophical, ethical or political position regarding
67  them.  them.
68    
69  The ``Invariant Sections'' are certain Secondary Sections whose titles  The ``Invariant Sections'' are certain Secondary Sections whose titles
70  are designated, as being those of Invariant Sections, in the notice  are designated, as being those of Invariant Sections, in the notice
71  that says that the Document is released under this License.  that says that the Document is released under this License.  If a
72    section does not fit the above definition of Secondary then it is not
73    allowed to be designated as Invariant.  The Document may contain zero
74    Invariant Sections.  If the Document does not identify any Invariant
75    Sections then there are none.
76    
77  The ``Cover Texts'' are certain short passages of text that are listed,  The ``Cover Texts'' are certain short passages of text that are listed,
78  as Front-Cover Texts or Back-Cover Texts, in the notice that says that  as Front-Cover Texts or Back-Cover Texts, in the notice that says that
79  the Document is released under this License.  the Document is released under this License.  A Front-Cover Text may
80    be at most 5 words, and a Back-Cover Text may be at most 25 words.
81    
82  A ``Transparent'' copy of the Document means a machine-readable copy,  A ``Transparent'' copy of the Document means a machine-readable copy,
83  represented in a format whose specification is available to the  represented in a format whose specification is available to the
84  general public, whose contents can be viewed and edited directly and  general public, that is suitable for revising the document
85  straightforwardly with generic text editors or (for images composed of  straightforwardly with generic text editors or (for images composed of
86  pixels) generic paint programs or (for drawings) some widely available  pixels) generic paint programs or (for drawings) some widely available
87  drawing editor, and that is suitable for input to text formatters or  drawing editor, and that is suitable for input to text formatters or
88  for automatic translation to a variety of formats suitable for input  for automatic translation to a variety of formats suitable for input
89  to text formatters.  A copy made in an otherwise Transparent file  to text formatters.  A copy made in an otherwise Transparent file
90  format whose markup has been designed to thwart or discourage  format whose markup, or absence of markup, has been arranged to thwart
91  subsequent modification by readers is not Transparent.  A copy that is  or discourage subsequent modification by readers is not Transparent.
92  not ``Transparent'' is called ``Opaque''.  An image format is not Transparent if used for any substantial amount
93    of text.  A copy that is not ``Transparent'' is called ``Opaque''.
94    
95  Examples of suitable formats for Transparent copies include plain  Examples of suitable formats for Transparent copies include plain
96  @sc{ascii} without markup, Texinfo input format, La@TeX{} input format,  @sc{ascii} without markup, Texinfo input format, La@TeX{} input
97  @acronym{SGML} or @acronym{XML} using a publicly available  format, @acronym{SGML} or @acronym{XML} using a publicly available
98  @acronym{DTD}, and standard-conforming simple @acronym{HTML} designed  @acronym{DTD}, and standard-conforming simple @acronym{HTML},
99  for human modification.  Opaque formats include PostScript,  PostScript or @acronym{PDF} designed for human modification.  Examples
100  @acronym{PDF}, proprietary formats that can be read and edited only by  of transparent image formats include @acronym{PNG}, @acronym{XCF} and
101  proprietary word processors, @acronym{SGML} or @acronym{XML} for which  @acronym{JPG}.  Opaque formats include proprietary formats that can be
102  the @acronym{DTD} and/or processing tools are not generally available,  read and edited only by proprietary word processors, @acronym{SGML} or
103  and the machine-generated @acronym{HTML} produced by some word  @acronym{XML} for which the @acronym{DTD} and/or processing tools are
104  processors for output purposes only.  not generally available, and the machine-generated @acronym{HTML},
105    PostScript or @acronym{PDF} produced by some word processors for
106    output purposes only.
107    
108  The ``Title Page'' means, for a printed book, the title page itself,  The ``Title Page'' means, for a printed book, the title page itself,
109  plus such following pages as are needed to hold, legibly, the material  plus such following pages as are needed to hold, legibly, the material
# Line 99  formats which do not have any title page Line 112  formats which do not have any title page
112  the text near the most prominent appearance of the work's title,  the text near the most prominent appearance of the work's title,
113  preceding the beginning of the body of the text.  preceding the beginning of the body of the text.
114    
115    A section ``Entitled XYZ'' means a named subunit of the Document whose
116    title either is precisely XYZ or contains XYZ in parentheses following
117    text that translates XYZ in another language.  (Here XYZ stands for a
118    specific section name mentioned below, such as ``Acknowledgements'',
119    ``Dedications'', ``Endorsements'', or ``History''.)  To ``Preserve the Title''
120    of such a section when you modify the Document means that it remains a
121    section ``Entitled XYZ'' according to this definition.
122    
123    The Document may include Warranty Disclaimers next to the notice which
124    states that this License applies to the Document.  These Warranty
125    Disclaimers are considered to be included by reference in this
126    License, but only as regards disclaiming warranties: any other
127    implication that these Warranty Disclaimers may have is void and has
128    no effect on the meaning of this License.
129    
130  @item  @item
131  VERBATIM COPYING  VERBATIM COPYING
132    
# Line 118  you may publicly display copies. Line 146  you may publicly display copies.
146  @item  @item
147  COPYING IN QUANTITY  COPYING IN QUANTITY
148    
149  If you publish printed copies of the Document numbering more than 100,  If you publish printed copies (or copies in media that commonly have
150  and the Document's license notice requires Cover Texts, you must enclose  printed covers) of the Document, numbering more than 100, and the
151  the copies in covers that carry, clearly and legibly, all these Cover  Document's license notice requires Cover Texts, you must enclose the
152    copies in covers that carry, clearly and legibly, all these Cover
153  Texts: Front-Cover Texts on the front cover, and Back-Cover Texts on  Texts: Front-Cover Texts on the front cover, and Back-Cover Texts on
154  the back cover.  Both covers must also clearly and legibly identify  the back cover.  Both covers must also clearly and legibly identify
155  you as the publisher of these copies.  The front cover must present  you as the publisher of these copies.  The front cover must present
# Line 138  pages. Line 167  pages.
167  If you publish or distribute Opaque copies of the Document numbering  If you publish or distribute Opaque copies of the Document numbering
168  more than 100, you must either include a machine-readable Transparent  more than 100, you must either include a machine-readable Transparent
169  copy along with each Opaque copy, or state in or with each Opaque copy  copy along with each Opaque copy, or state in or with each Opaque copy
170  a publicly-accessible computer-network location containing a complete  a computer-network location from which the general network-using
171  Transparent copy of the Document, free of added material, which the  public has access to download using public-standard network protocols
172  general network-using public has access to download anonymously at no  a complete Transparent copy of the Document, free of added material.
173  charge using public-standard network protocols.  If you use the latter  If you use the latter option, you must take reasonably prudent steps,
174  option, you must take reasonably prudent steps, when you begin  when you begin distribution of Opaque copies in quantity, to ensure
175  distribution of Opaque copies in quantity, to ensure that this  that this Transparent copy will remain thus accessible at the stated
176  Transparent copy will remain thus accessible at the stated location  location until at least one year after the last time you distribute an
177  until at least one year after the last time you distribute an Opaque  Opaque copy (directly or through your agents or retailers) of that
178  copy (directly or through your agents or retailers) of that edition to  edition to the public.
 the public.  
179    
180  It is requested, but not required, that you contact the authors of the  It is requested, but not required, that you contact the authors of the
181  Document well before redistributing any large number of copies, to give  Document well before redistributing any large number of copies, to give
# Line 175  if the original publisher of that versio Line 203  if the original publisher of that versio
203  List on the Title Page, as authors, one or more persons or entities  List on the Title Page, as authors, one or more persons or entities
204  responsible for authorship of the modifications in the Modified  responsible for authorship of the modifications in the Modified
205  Version, together with at least five of the principal authors of the  Version, together with at least five of the principal authors of the
206  Document (all of its principal authors, if it has less than five).  Document (all of its principal authors, if it has fewer than five),
207    unless they release you from this requirement.
208    
209  @item  @item
210  State on the Title page the name of the publisher of the  State on the Title page the name of the publisher of the
# Line 201  and required Cover Texts given in the Do Line 230  and required Cover Texts given in the Do
230  Include an unaltered copy of this License.  Include an unaltered copy of this License.
231    
232  @item  @item
233  Preserve the section entitled ``History'', and its title, and add to  Preserve the section Entitled ``History'', Preserve its Title, and add
234  it an item stating at least the title, year, new authors, and  to it an item stating at least the title, year, new authors, and
235  publisher of the Modified Version as given on the Title Page.  If  publisher of the Modified Version as given on the Title Page.  If
236  there is no section entitled ``History'' in the Document, create one  there is no section Entitled ``History'' in the Document, create one
237  stating the title, year, authors, and publisher of the Document as  stating the title, year, authors, and publisher of the Document as
238  given on its Title Page, then add an item describing the Modified  given on its Title Page, then add an item describing the Modified
239  Version as stated in the previous sentence.  Version as stated in the previous sentence.
# Line 219  least four years before the Document its Line 248  least four years before the Document its
248  publisher of the version it refers to gives permission.  publisher of the version it refers to gives permission.
249    
250  @item  @item
251  In any section entitled ``Acknowledgments'' or ``Dedications'',  For any section Entitled ``Acknowledgements'' or ``Dedications'', Preserve
252  preserve the section's title, and preserve in the section all the  the Title of the section, and preserve in the section all the
253  substance and tone of each of the contributor acknowledgments  substance and tone of each of the contributor acknowledgements and/or
254  and/or dedications given therein.  dedications given therein.
255    
256  @item  @item
257  Preserve all the Invariant Sections of the Document,  Preserve all the Invariant Sections of the Document,
# Line 230  unaltered in their text and in their tit Line 259  unaltered in their text and in their tit
259  or the equivalent are not considered part of the section titles.  or the equivalent are not considered part of the section titles.
260    
261  @item  @item
262  Delete any section entitled ``Endorsements''.  Such a section  Delete any section Entitled ``Endorsements''.  Such a section
263  may not be included in the Modified Version.  may not be included in the Modified Version.
264    
265  @item  @item
266  Do not retitle any existing section as ``Endorsements''  Do not retitle any existing section to be Entitled ``Endorsements'' or
267  or to conflict in title with any Invariant Section.  to conflict in title with any Invariant Section.
268    
269    @item
270    Preserve any Warranty Disclaimers.
271  @end enumerate  @end enumerate
272    
273  If the Modified Version includes new front-matter sections or  If the Modified Version includes new front-matter sections or
# Line 245  of these sections as invariant.  To do t Line 277  of these sections as invariant.  To do t
277  list of Invariant Sections in the Modified Version's license notice.  list of Invariant Sections in the Modified Version's license notice.
278  These titles must be distinct from any other section titles.  These titles must be distinct from any other section titles.
279    
280  You may add a section entitled ``Endorsements'', provided it contains  You may add a section Entitled ``Endorsements'', provided it contains
281  nothing but endorsements of your Modified Version by various  nothing but endorsements of your Modified Version by various
282  parties---for example, statements of peer review or that the text has  parties---for example, statements of peer review or that the text has
283  been approved by an organization as the authoritative definition of a  been approved by an organization as the authoritative definition of a
# Line 273  License, under the terms defined in sect Line 305  License, under the terms defined in sect
305  versions, provided that you include in the combination all of the  versions, provided that you include in the combination all of the
306  Invariant Sections of all of the original documents, unmodified, and  Invariant Sections of all of the original documents, unmodified, and
307  list them all as Invariant Sections of your combined work in its  list them all as Invariant Sections of your combined work in its
308  license notice.  license notice, and that you preserve all their Warranty Disclaimers.
309    
310  The combined work need only contain one copy of this License, and  The combined work need only contain one copy of this License, and
311  multiple identical Invariant Sections may be replaced with a single  multiple identical Invariant Sections may be replaced with a single
# Line 284  author or publisher of that section if k Line 316  author or publisher of that section if k
316  Make the same adjustment to the section titles in the list of  Make the same adjustment to the section titles in the list of
317  Invariant Sections in the license notice of the combined work.  Invariant Sections in the license notice of the combined work.
318    
319  In the combination, you must combine any sections entitled ``History''  In the combination, you must combine any sections Entitled ``History''
320  in the various original documents, forming one section entitled  in the various original documents, forming one section Entitled
321  ``History''; likewise combine any sections entitled ``Acknowledgments'',  ``History''; likewise combine any sections Entitled ``Acknowledgements'',
322  and any sections entitled ``Dedications''.  You must delete all sections  and any sections Entitled ``Dedications''.  You must delete all
323  entitled ``Endorsements.''  sections Entitled ``Endorsements.''
324    
325  @item  @item
326  COLLECTIONS OF DOCUMENTS  COLLECTIONS OF DOCUMENTS
# Line 309  AGGREGATION WITH INDEPENDENT WORKS Line 341  AGGREGATION WITH INDEPENDENT WORKS
341    
342  A compilation of the Document or its derivatives with other separate  A compilation of the Document or its derivatives with other separate
343  and independent documents or works, in or on a volume of a storage or  and independent documents or works, in or on a volume of a storage or
344  distribution medium, does not as a whole count as a Modified Version  distribution medium, is called an ``aggregate'' if the copyright
345  of the Document, provided no compilation copyright is claimed for the  resulting from the compilation is not used to limit the legal rights
346  compilation.  Such a compilation is called an ``aggregate'', and this  of the compilation's users beyond what the individual works permit.
347  License does not apply to the other self-contained works thus compiled  When the Document is included an aggregate, this License does not
348  with the Document, on account of their being thus compiled, if they  apply to the other works in the aggregate which are not themselves
349  are not themselves derivative works of the Document.  derivative works of the Document.
350    
351  If the Cover Text requirement of section 3 is applicable to these  If the Cover Text requirement of section 3 is applicable to these
352  copies of the Document, then if the Document is less than one quarter  copies of the Document, then if the Document is less than one half of
353  of the entire aggregate, the Document's Cover Texts may be placed on  the entire aggregate, the Document's Cover Texts may be placed on
354  covers that surround only the Document within the aggregate.  covers that bracket the Document within the aggregate, or the
355  Otherwise they must appear on covers around the whole aggregate.  electronic equivalent of covers if the Document is in electronic form.
356    Otherwise they must appear on printed covers that bracket the whole
357    aggregate.
358    
359  @item  @item
360  TRANSLATION  TRANSLATION
# Line 331  Replacing Invariant Sections with transl Line 365  Replacing Invariant Sections with transl
365  permission from their copyright holders, but you may include  permission from their copyright holders, but you may include
366  translations of some or all Invariant Sections in addition to the  translations of some or all Invariant Sections in addition to the
367  original versions of these Invariant Sections.  You may include a  original versions of these Invariant Sections.  You may include a
368  translation of this License provided that you also include the  translation of this License, and all the license notices in the
369  original English version of this License.  In case of a disagreement  Document, and any Warrany Disclaimers, provided that you also include
370  between the translation and the original English version of this  the original English version of this License and the original versions
371  License, the original English version will prevail.  of those notices and disclaimers.  In case of a disagreement between
372    the translation and the original version of this License or a notice
373    or disclaimer, the original version will prevail.
374    
375    If a section in the Document is Entitled ``Acknowledgements'',
376    ``Dedications'', or ``History'', the requirement (section 4) to Preserve
377    its Title (section 1) will typically require changing the actual
378    title.
379    
380  @item  @item
381  TERMINATION  TERMINATION
# Line 377  license notices just after the title pag Line 418  license notices just after the title pag
418  @group  @group
419    Copyright (C)  @var{year}  @var{your name}.    Copyright (C)  @var{year}  @var{your name}.
420    Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this document    Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this document
421    under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.1    under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2
422    or any later version published by the Free Software Foundation;    or any later version published by the Free Software Foundation;
423    with the Invariant Sections being @var{list their titles}, with the    with no Invariant Sections, no Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover Texts.
   Front-Cover Texts being @var{list}, and with the Back-Cover Texts being @var{list}.  
424    A copy of the license is included in the section entitled ``GNU    A copy of the license is included in the section entitled ``GNU
425    Free Documentation License''.    Free Documentation License''.
426  @end group  @end group
427  @end smallexample  @end smallexample
428    
429  If you have no Invariant Sections, write ``with no Invariant Sections''  If you have Invariant Sections, Front-Cover Texts and Back-Cover Texts,
430  instead of saying which ones are invariant.  If you have no  replace the ``with...Texts.'' line with this:
431  Front-Cover Texts, write ``no Front-Cover Texts'' instead of  
432  ``Front-Cover Texts being @var{list}''; likewise for Back-Cover Texts.  @smallexample
433    @group
434        with the Invariant Sections being @var{list their titles}, with
435        the Front-Cover Texts being @var{list}, and with the Back-Cover Texts
436        being @var{list}.
437    @end group
438    @end smallexample
439    
440    If you have Invariant Sections without Cover Texts, or some other
441    combination of the three, merge those two alternatives to suit the
442    situation.
443    
444  If your document contains nontrivial examples of program code, we  If your document contains nontrivial examples of program code, we
445  recommend releasing these examples in parallel under your choice of  recommend releasing these examples in parallel under your choice of
# Line 399  to permit their use in free software. Line 449  to permit their use in free software.
449  @c Local Variables:  @c Local Variables:
450  @c ispell-local-pdict: "ispell-dict"  @c ispell-local-pdict: "ispell-dict"
451  @c End:  @c End:
452    

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