GNU FreeFont
IPA (International Phonetic Alphabet)
IPA table
Bilabial | Labiodental | Dental | Alveolar | Postalveolar | Retroflex | Palatal | Velar | Uvular | Pharyngeal | Epilottal | Glottal | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Plosive | p b | t d | ʈ ɖ | c ɟ | k ɡ | q ɢ | ʡ | |||||
Nasal | m | ɱ | n | ɳ | ɲ | ŋ | ɴ | |||||
Trill | ʙ | r | ʀ | |||||||||
Tap or Flap | ⱱ | ɾ | ɽ | |||||||||
Fricative | ɸ β | f v | θ ð | s z | ʃ ʒ | ʂ ʐ | ç ʝ | x ɣ | χ ʁ | ħ ʕ | h ɦ | |
Lateral Fricative |
ɬ ɮ | |||||||||||
Approximant | ʋ | ɹ | ɻ | j | ɰ | |||||||
Lateral approximant |
ɺ | l | ɭ | ʎ | ʟ |
click | Voiced implosive | Ejective |
---|---|---|
ʘ Bilabial | ɓ Bilabial | ’ |
ǀ Dental | ɗ Dental/alveolar | p’ Bilabial |
ǃ (Post)alveolar | ʄ Palatal | t’ Dental/alveolar |
ǂ Palatoalveolar | ɠ Velar | k’ Velar |
ǁ Alveolar lateral | ʛ Uvular | s’ Alveolar fricative |
ʍ w ɥ ɕ ʑ ɧ k͡p t͜s |
Front | Central | Back | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Close | i y | ɨ ʉ | ɯ u | ||
ɪ ʏ | ʊ | ||||
Close-mid | e ø | ɘ ɵ | ɤ o | ||
ə | |||||
Open-mid | ɛ œ | ɜ ɞ | ʌ ɔ | ||
æ | ɐ | ||||
Open | a ɶ | ɑ ɒ |
̥ Voiceless t̥ d̥ | ̤ Breathy voiced b̤ a̤ | ̪ Dental t̪ d̪ |
̬ Voiced s̬ t̬ | ̰ Creaky voiced b̰ a̰ | ̺ Apical t̺ d̺ |
ʰ Aspirated tʰ dʰ | ̼ Linguolabial t̼ d̼ | ̻ Laminal t̻ d̻ |
̹ More rounded ɔ̹ | ʷ Labialized tʷ dʷ | ̃ Nasalized ẽ |
̜ Less rounded ɔ̜ | ʲ Palatalized tʲ dʲ | ⁿ Nasal release dⁿ |
̝ Advanced u̝ | ˠ Velarized tˠ dˠ | ˡ Lateral release dˡ |
̱ Retracted e̱ | ˤ Pharyngealized tˤ dˤ | ̚ No audible release d̚ |
̈ Centralized ë | ̴ Velarized or pharyngealized l̴ | |
̽ Mid-centralized e̽ | ̝ Raised e̝ (ɹ̝ =voiced alveolar fricative) | |
̩ Syllabic n̩ | ̞ Lowered e̞ (β̞ = voiced bilabial approximant) | |
̯ Non-syllabic e̯ | ̘ Advanced Tongue Root e̘ | |
˞ Rhoticity ə˞ a˞ | ̙ Retracted Tongue Root e̙ |
level | contour | ||
---|---|---|---|
e̋ or ˥ | Extra high |
ě or ˩˥ | Rising |
é ˦ | High | ê ˥˩ | Falling |
ē ˧ | Mid | e᷄ ˧˥ | High rising |
è ˨ | Low | e᷅ ˩˧ | Low rising |
ȅ ˩ | Extra low |
e᷈ ˩˧˩ | Rising falling |
↓ | Downstep | ↗ | Global rise |
↑ | Upstep | ↘ | Global fall |